Web開發基礎基礎知識

Web開發基礎基礎知識Web開發基礎基礎知識Web開發基礎基礎知識本期上課實驗時間表（2015年9月9日周三）13:20-17:35機房4,6如果沒做完機房2,6晚上可用（2014年9月14日周一）13:20-17:35機房1,5（2014年9月21日周一）08:00-12:15機房1,2（2014年9月22日周二）08:00-12:15機房1,2（2014年9月24日周四）08:00-12:15機房1,2

9-79:50-12:15

1#203上課9-99:50-12:15

1#203上課9-149:50-12:15

1#203上課2021/4/132本課程內容摘要網站開發基礎知識網站環境構建管理和配置網站HTML&CSSJavaScriptAsp服務端編程數據庫連結及訪問2021/4/133網站開發基礎知識計算機網絡基礎網站的含義網站訪問的原理網頁的類型動態網站技術2021/4/134計算機網絡基礎InternetVsintranet計算機網絡的標準模型TCP/IP協議服務器和客戶機域名端口2021/4/135InternetVSIntranetTheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatusethestandardInternetProtocolSuite(TCP/IP)toservebillionsofusersworldwideItisanetworkofnetworks

AnintranetisaprivatecomputernetworkthatusesInternetProtocoltechnologiestosecurelyshareanypartofanorganization'sinformationornetworkoperatingsystemwithinthatorganization.2021/4/1362021/4/137AndWWWWWW（亦作“Web”、“萬維網”、“W3”，英文全稱為“WorldWideWeb”）是一個由許多互相鏈接的超文本文檔組成的系統，通過互聯網訪問。萬維網聯盟（英語：WorldWideWebConsortium，簡稱W3C），又稱W3C理事會。1994年10月在麻省理工學院（MIT）計算機科學實驗室成立。萬維網聯盟的創建者是萬維網的發明者蒂姆·伯納斯-李。What'sthedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb(WWW)?WWW=HTML*+HTTP(S)*includingCSS,JavaScript,andotherbrowserenabledcontentWWW是Internet應用之一2021/4/138BriefHistorybeganasaUSDepartmentofDefensenetworkcalledARPANET(1960s-70s)initialservices:electronicmail,filetransferopenedtocommercialinterestsinlate80sWWWcreatedin1989-91byTimBerners-Lee

popularwebbrowsersreleased:Netscape1994,IE1995Aopensin1995;GoogleJanuary1996ChineseFirstConnectionwithInternet：ChineseAcademicsNet,byComputerApplyingTechnologyInstituteofBeijing1986，Firstemail,Sep.141987,fromCATIB,“AcrosstheGreatWallwecanreacheverycornerintheworld”ChineseFirstFullInternetConnection：NCFC(NationalComputingandNetworkingFacilityofChina)1994Baidu1999；Taobao20032021/4/139KeyaspectsoftheInternetInternetisforfreedomofinformationsubnetworkscanstandontheirowncomputerscandynamicallyjoinandleavethenetworkbuiltonopenstandards;anyonecancreateanewdevicelackofcentralizedcontrol(mostly)everyonecanuseitwithsimple,commonlyavailablesoftware2021/4/1310LayeredarchitectureTheinternetusesalayeredhardware/softwarearchitecture(OSImodel):physicallayer:devicessuchascoaxialcables,fiber-opticlines,modemsdatalinklayer:basichardwareprotocols(Ethernet,Wi-Fi,DSL,ATM,PPP)network/internetlayer:basicsoftwareprotocol(IP)transportlayer:addreliabilitytonetworklayer(TCP,UDP)applicationlayer:implementsspecificcommunicationforeachkindofprogram(HTTP,POP3/IMAP,SSH,FTP))2021/4/1311InternetProtocol(IP)theIPistheunderlyingsystemofcommunicationforalldata(packets)sentacrosstheinternet.eachdevicehasa32-bitIPaddressasfour8-bitnumbers(0-255)findoutyourinternetIPaddress:findoutyourlocalIPaddress:inaterminal,type:ipconfig(Windows)orifconfig(Mac/Linux)IPv4vs.IPv6(32-bvs.128-b)2021/4/1312TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)addsmultiple,guaranteedmessagedeliveryontopofIPmultiplexing:multipleprogramsusingthesameIPaddressport:anumbergiventoeachprogramorservice80:Webbrowser(443forsecurebrowsing)25:email22:ssh21:ftpmorecommonportssomeprograms(QQ,games,streamingmediaprograms)usesimplerUDPprotocolinsteadofTCPfindoutportsused:inaterminal,usingnetstat(Windows)commandusingCurrPorts2021/4/1313WebserversandbrowsersWebserver:softwarethatlistensforWebpagerequestspartofWindows)C/SVsB/SmodelWebbrowser:fetches/displaysdocumentsfromWebserversMicrosoftInternetExplorer(IE)MozillaFirefoxAppleSafariGoogleChromeOpera2021/4/1314DomainNameSystem(DNS)asetofserversthatmapwrittennamestoIPaddressesExample:8usingWindowscommandnslookuptofindoutIPaddressmanysystemsmaintainalocalcachecalledahostfile

Windows:C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

Mac:/private/etc/hostsLinux:/etc/hosts2021/4/1315UniformResourceLocator(URL)anidentifierforthelocationofadocumentonawebsiteabasicURL:

/info/regesstepp/index.html

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

protocolhostpathuponenteringthisURLintothebrowser,itwould:asktheDNSserverfortheIPaddressofconnecttothatIPaddressatport80asktheservertoGET/info/regesstepp/index.htmldisplaytheresultingpageonthescreen2021/4/1316MoreadvancedURLsanchor:jumpstoagivensectionofawebpage

/download/index.html#downloads

fetchesindex.htmlthenjumpsdowntopartofthepagelabeleddownloadsport:forwebserversonportsotherthanthedefault80

:8080/querystring:asetofparameterspassedtoawebprogram

/search?q=miserable+failure&start=10

parameterqissetto"miserable+failure"parameterstartissetto102021/4/1317HypertextTransportProtocol(HTTP)HTTPisthefoundationofdatacommunicationforthe

WorldWideWeb.thesetofcommandsunderstoodbyawebserverandsentfromabrowsersomeHTTPcommands(yourbrowsersendstheseinternally):GET

filename:downloadPOSTfilename:sendawebformresponsePUT

filename:uploadDELETEfilename:removeentityHEADfilename:onlystatusinformation,notentirecontent…2021/4/1318HTTPerrorcodeswhensomethinggoeswrong,thewebserverreturnsaspecial"errorcode"numbertothebrowser,possiblyfollowedbyanHTMLdocumentcommonerrorcodes:200OK

301-303pagehasmoved(permanentlyortemporarily)

403youareforbiddentoaccessthispage404pagenotfound500internalservererror

completelist2021/4/1319TermsInternetServiceProviderenterprisesororganizationswhoprovideInternetaccesstoyou,who?pleaseidentifyyourISPsWebHostingprovideaplaceforconsumerstostorepagesdesignedtobeconsumedbytheWebsurfingpublicISPsoftenofferWebhostingservicesalongwiththeirstandardconnectivitypackages.Client/Servervs.Browser/Server2021/4/1320Web1.0vs.Web2.0Web1.0isaboutpublishingusersarelimitedtothepassiveviewingofinformationthatisprovidedtothemWeb2.0isaboutinteractionallowsitsuserstointeractwithotherusersortochangewebsitecontentinformationsharing,interoperability,user-centereddesignandcollaboration

hostedservices,webapplications,social-networkingsites,video-sharingsites,wikis,blogs2021/4/1321網站的含義網頁是網站的基本單位用標準的HTML語言將圖片、文字、多媒體信息組織起來的格式文檔一般意義上的網站Agroupofrelatedpages?Adedicateserver?Agroupofservers?2021/4/1322虛擬網站多個網站可以同時運行在一個單一服務器上利用不同的端口號利用不同的ip地址利用不同的域名

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