測控專業英語Unit 4

Unit4

測控技術與儀器專業英語CalibrationChapter1IntroductiontoMeasurementcriterion標準、準則establishedstandard現有標準multiplestandard多重標準feasible可行的specifiedlimit制定的限度calibrate校準performancecheck

性能檢查progressivedrift

逐漸地漂移tolerancelimit

隨機誤差WordsandExpressionsQ1Whatiscalibration,andwhydopeopleperformitatspecifiedintervals?Q2Whatarethestandards,andwhatrequirementmusttheysatisfy?Q3Whatshouldtheseparatecalibrationgroupsdoaccordingtotheirtasksandofficeauthorities?Questionsbeforereading辦公權限校準Q4Whatarecalibrationproceduresandinstrumentperformancecheck,andhowaretheyimplemented?Questionsbeforereading校準程序Unit4Calibration

Calibrationreferstothecomparisonofameasurementinstrumenttoastandardorotherinstrumentofknownaccuracyinordertobringtheinstrumentintosubstantialagreementwithanestablishedstandard.

校準是指為了使儀器與已有標準完全一致（匹配）而將一個測量儀器與一個標準的或其他已知準確度的儀器相比較的過程。1.1Unit4CalibrationTheestablishedstandardisnormallyofatleastfourtimesgreateraccuracythantheinstrumentbeingcalibratedortheaverageofmultiplestandardsifthefour-timescriterionisnotfeasible．已有標準通常至少四倍于待校準儀器的準確度，或者當四倍標準不可行時，則采用多重標準平均方式。Tosaythataninstrumentiscalibratedmeansthatitindicatesmeasurementswithinspecifiedlimitsoferrorforthatinstrument．也就是說，儀器校準表明了其測量誤差的確定限度。1.31.5Unit4CalibrationTheaccuracyofaninstrumentisdependentonthreemajorcontributingfactors:①Thetimesinceitwaslastcalibrated;②Thedifferencebetweenthecalibrationtemperatureandtheoperatingtemperature;③Theuncertaintyofthestandardusedforcalibration．儀器的準確度取決于三個主要因素：①距離上次校準的時間；②校準和使用時的溫差；③用于標定的標準的不確定度。1.9Unit4CalibrationInmostorganizations，calibrationistheresponsibilityofaseparategroup.Thatgroupisresponsibleformaintainingworkingstandards,keepingrecordsofinstrumentsforperiodiccalibrationandcertification,andbeingknowledgeableofthelatestcalibrationprocedures．在大多數組織中，校準由一個獨立（或單獨的）小組負責。這個小組負責維護現行標準，對儀器的周期性校準和檢定進行記錄，并清楚了解最近一次校準的過程。2.1Unit4CalibrationThestandardslaboratoryshouldhaveenvironmentalcontrolstoassureconsistencybecauseenvironmentalfactorscanaffecttheaccuracyofcertainstandardsandtheperformanceofinstruments.由于環境因素能影戲那個某些標準的準確度和儀器的性能，所以，標準實驗室應具備環境控制（裝置）保證（校準和使用的）一致性。Environmentalfactorsthatarecontrolledusuallyincludetemperature,humidity,vibration,dust,radio-frequencyinterference,grounding,andlinevoltageregulation．需要控制的環境因素通常包括溫度、濕度、振動、粉塵、無線頻率干擾、接地和線電壓調節。2.52.8Unit4CalibrationThecalibrationprocedureandinstrumentperformancechecksaregenerallyspecifiedbytheinstrumentmanufacturerinthemanualsthatareprovidedwiththeinstrument．校準過程和儀器性能檢查通常由儀器廠商在隨儀器提供的手冊中指定或設置。Frequentunnecessaryadjustmentsmayalsointerferewiththerecordsforaninstrumentandaccelerateprogressivedriftinvalues.頻繁不必要調整可能會影響儀器的記錄，并加速數值的逐漸地漂移。3.13.6Unit4CalibrationAnexceptiontothisprocedurecanbemadeiftheparameterisverynearthetolerancelimitandthereisreasontobelieveitmaybeoutoftolerancebeforethenextcalibration.如果參數非常接近公差限，并且有理由相信其可能在下次校準前超差，則要例外。

Thedecisiontoadjustinstrumentsthatareclosetothespecifiedlimitsdependsonthetypeofinstrumentandontheoperatingpracticeandphilosophyofthelaboratorydoingtherecalibration.對于儀器是否因接近設定極限而需調整的決策，取決于儀器的類型和校準實驗室的實際操作情況和實驗室體系架構。3.73.9Unit5

測控技術與儀器專業英語OperatingCharacteristicChapter1IntroductiontoMeasurement徐小玲range范圍span跨度resolution分辨率deadband死區threshold閾值sensitivity靈敏度overload

過載recoverytime

回復時間saturationeffect

飽和效應WordsandExpressionsQ1Whatarethemeaningsofrange,span,andwhatarethedifferencesbetweenthem?Q2Howareresolution,dead-bandandsensitivityrelatedtoanincreaseofmeasurement?Q3Whatarethereliability,over-rangeanddrift?Q4Whatdoesenvironmentofanexperimentinclude?QuestionsbeforereadingMaincontent

Measurement1Operation2EnvironmentalEffects31MeasurementAmeasuringinstrumentcanmeasureanyvalueofavariablewithinitsrangeofmeasurement.Therangeisdefinedbythelowerrangelimitandtheupperrangelimit．一個測量儀器能夠測量在其測量范圍內的任意變量值。范圍是由范圍的下限和范圍的上限共同定義的。Thespanisthedifferencebetweentheupperrangelimitandthelowerrangelimit．Span=upperrangelimit-lowerrangelimit跨度是上下限之間的差：跨度=范圍上限-范圍下限1.11.41MeasurementWhenthemeasuredvariableiscontinuouslyvariedovertherange,somemeasuringinstrumentschangetheiroutputindiscretestepsratherthaninacontinuousmanner.Theresolutionofthistypeofmeasuringinstrumentisasinglestepoftheoutput.

當被測量在測量范圍內連續變化時，某些測量儀器以離散的階躍形式改變其輸出，而非連續方式。這類測量儀器的分辨率即是輸出的一次階躍。2.21MeasurementThedeadbandofameasuringinstrumentisthesmallestchangeinthemeasuredvariablethatwillresultinameasurablechangeintheoutput.測量儀器的死區是對應于輸出可測變化的被測量最小變化值。Obviously,ameasuringinstrumentcannotmeasurechangesinthemeasuredvariablethataresmallerthanitsdeadband．Thresholdisanothernamefordeadband．很明顯，測量儀器無法測量被測量小于其死區的變化。閾值是死區的另一個名稱。3.13.21MeasurementThesensitivityofameasuringinstrumentistheratioofthechangeinoutputdividedbythechangeintheinputthatcausedthechangeinoutput.

測量儀器的靈敏度即是輸出變化量與輸入變化量的比值。4.1Maincontent

Measurement1Operation2EnvironmentalEffects32Operation

Thereliabilityofameasuringinstrument

istheprobabilitythatitwilldoitsjobforaspecifiedperiodoftimeunderaspecifiedsetofconditions．

測量儀器的可靠性是它在一些列特定條件下在一段特定時間內完成其工作的可能性。

Overrangeisanyexcessinthevalueofthemeas