《物流專業英語》PPTUnitLogisticsDecisionMaking

Discussion1）Whatisthedefinitionofasupplychain?

2）Whataspectsdoesasupplychaininclude？3）Whatistheroleoflogisticsinthesupplychain?

4）WhatisSCMconcernedwith?

5）WhatisthetaskofSCM?6）Inyouropinion,whyisSCMimportant?7)WhataretheobjectivesofSCM?單詞學習petitorn.hierarchicalstructure等級結構hierarchyn.等級制度，階層，層次flatstructure扁平結構executiveadj.n.executev.seniorjunioradministrativea.行政的，管理的administrationn.管理，經營administratorn.管理人，行政官員單詞學習advancedadj.高級的，先進的advancingadj.前進的，向前推進的developedadj.發達的developinga.發展中的schedulingn.行程安排schedulen.計劃，日程表techniquen.方法，技巧technicala.技術的extendv.extendeda.延長的，擴大的extensiveadj.廣泛的

Module1Unit6

Logisticsdecision-making

物流決策Decision-making決策決策，就是為了實現一定的目標，提出解決問題和實現目標的各種可行方案，依據評定準則和標準，在多種備選方案中，選擇一個方案進行分析、判斷并付諸實施的管理過程。決策無處不在！（個人決策、企業決策、政府決策……)Text課文講解Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondto

thechangingcircumstancesandthereby

gainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.在一個自由市場里，現代組織需要成為一個反應敏捷的組織，能夠作出快速的決定，以便能對不斷變化中的情況作出反應，并因此而超過其競爭對手的優勢。Agility靈敏度Agilityimpliestheabilitytomovequicklyandtomeetcustomer’sdemandsooner.Inafast-changingmarketplaceagilityisactuallymoreimportantthanlong-termstrategyinatraditionalbusinessplanningsense.靈敏度意味著加快動作的速度，更快地滿足客戶需求。在快速變化的市場中，靈敏度其實比傳統商業規劃中的長期戰略更加重要。Organizationstructure組織結構傳統等級結構高級執行層中高級管理層低級管理層行政層/運營層職能部門Foranumberofyears,therehasbeenatendencyforanorganizationto‘delayer’andcreatewhatisknownasa‘flatstructure’.Thismeansthatsomelayersofmanagementappearinginthetraditionalorganizationstructurehavebeenremoved.許多年來，有一種在機構內‘減少層次’、并創立一個人們所熟悉的‘扁平結構’的傾向。這就意味著在傳統組織結構中的某些管理層次已經被消除。扁平管理結構減少管理層次高級執行層管理層行政層/運營層部門/業務單位鐵道部鐵路企業的扁平化

集團公司（鐵路局）總公司站、段鐵道部集團公司站、段

弗里德曼先生以它獨特的視角講述了世界正在變平的過程。他在書中援引了很多熱點話題，介紹了諸多令人矚目的市場和炙手可熱的行業。開放源代碼、外包、離岸生產、供應鏈和搜索技術等被描述成為鏟平世界的10大動力，而中國、印度等國家和一些站在全球頂尖位置的公司和機構，則被描述成變平的世界中舉足輕重的角色。書中寫到的許多現象新鮮但不陌生，更有一些是我們工作中接觸過甚至直接參與的商業行為。ThestrategicaimThisisthehighestlevelstatementabout

whattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.ItwillusuallybedraftedbytheBoardandwillbeinthemostgeneralforms.戰略目標這是關于單位領導希望達到的最高水平的陳述。它將由董事會來起草并將以最通用的形式出現。ThemissionstatementThenextleveldowninvolvesthedevelopmentofmissionstatements.Whiletherecanbeonlyonestrategicaim,therecanbemanymissionstatementswithinanorganizationatavarietyoflevels.Amissionstatementalwaysgivesaclearindicationofwhatistobedone.

崗位職責（使命陳述）接下來的一個層次涉及到崗位職責的制訂。崗位職責可以有許多個，而戰略目標卻只能有一個。崗位職責總是清楚地指出該做的事情。ThetaskstobecarriedoutThetasksprovidethedetailofhowthemissionistobeachieved.待執行的任務各項任務提供了如何完成使命的細節。Thestrategicaimandmissiondonotnecessarilyremainthesameforever.Newaimsandmissionscanbeintroducedtocoverspecificrequirements.Inthediagrambelow,theBoardhaveconceivedanaimtoraisethecompany’sprofileandfromthatdecisionflowaseriesofmissionsandtasks.戰略目的和使命不一定永遠維持不變。可以引入新目的和使命來覆蓋具體的要求。在下圖中，董事會提出了一個可以提升公司檔次的目標，從這個決定里，派生出一系列的使命和任務。StrategicAimTobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorwithin5yearsManagingDirector’sMissionincreaseturnoverby20%reducecostsby30%within5yearsinordertobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorTransportDeptMissionReducetransportcostsby20%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%WarehouseDeptMissionReduceinventoryby10%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%SalesDeptMissionIncreasesalesby20%戰略目標在五年內成為業內10佳績優公司執行董事使命增加營業額達20%五年內降低成本達30%以便成為業內10佳績優公司運輸部門使命

降低運輸成本達20%以便降低總成本達30%倉庫部門使命

降低庫存成本達10%以便降低總成本達30%銷售部門使命

增加銷售量達20%TrafficOfficeMissionReducedeadmilesby10%inordertoreducetransportcostby20%MaintenanceDeptMissionReducevehicledowntimeby20%inordertoreducetransportcostby30%TasksImplementadvancedroutingandschedulingtechniques.TasksOperateextendedworkinghours.交通辦使命降低無效里程（空駛里程）達10%以便降低運輸成本達20%維護部門使命降低車輛停歇時間達20%以便降低運輸成本20%任務實施先進的線路和行程安排技巧任務實行延時工作制3.Keytotheexercises練習答案

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1)Whydoesamodernorganizationneedtobeanagileone?Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondtothechangingcircumstancesandtherebygainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.2)Canyoudescribethedifferencebetweenatraditionalhierarchicalstructureandaflatstructure?Atraditionalhierarchicalstructurefocusesonverticalcontrolfromthetop.Acompanywithsuchastructureismoreorlesslikeagovernmentdepartmentfeaturingrigidrulesandregulations.Andthebosshasthefinalsayforeveryvitalissuewithlessparticipationbytheemployees.Whereasaflatstructurefocusesonperformanceandacompanywithsuchstructureisusuallytarget-orientedwithaviestounleashthecreativityofitsemployees.3)Howdoyouunderstandtheword‘delayer’?Whenusedinacompanystructure,theword“delayer”usuallymeanstoremovetheunnecessaryorinefficientdepartmentsatcertainlevelsinordertomakethecompanymoreproductiveandcompetitive.4)Whatisastrategicaimandinwhatwaysisitimportantforacompany’sdevelopment?Thisisthehighestlevelstatementaboutwhattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.Itisimportantbecauseitisaguidelineforthecompany’slong-termdevelopment.5)WhatisthedifferencebetweentheBoardandthemanagement?TheBoard,knownastheBoardofDirectors,iscomposedofdirectorswhoownthecompany’sshares,wherethemanagementisagroupofpeopleappointedbytheBoardtomanagethecompanyandtoexecuteinstructionsfromtheBoard.Itispossiblethatadirectorisalsoamemberofthemanagement.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:functionaldepartmentslowermanagementsenior/middlemanagementtraditionalhierarchicalstructuregainanadvantageoverthechangingcircumstancesanagileorganizationdecision-making職能部門下層管理部門中高層管理部門傳統等級型結構取得對…的優勢變化中的環境快速靈活的機構決策

3.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish:戰略目標董事會使命陳述減少層次構想一個目標提升公司形象業內前十位績優公司提高營業額達20%降低30%成本線路管理和日程管理庫存總量銷售量strategicgoaltheboardofdirectorsmissionstatementtodelayertoc