高中英語人教版1Greatscientists 課時作業

課時作業(二)Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage(本欄目內容，在學生用書中以獨立形式分冊裝訂！)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhiswork________(finish)，hegladlyacceptedit.答案：finished2．LittleTomgot________(blame)forbreakingtheglasswhenhewasdrinking.答案：blamed3．—MrSmithisverystrict________hisstudents，isn’the?—Yes，heisstrict________hisworkaswell.答案：with；in4．Toeveryone’ssurprise，thehometeamwas________(defeat)bythreegoalstoone.答案：defeated5．TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijingandseverallinesare________construction.答案：under6．Theyaredeterminedtomake________(contribute)topublicsafety.答案：contributions7．Therehavebeenseveral________(move)forreformoverthelastcentury.答案：movements8．His________(enthusiastic)formusichasstayedstrongthroughouthis20yearsinradio.答案：enthusiasm9．She’svery________(create)—shewritespoetryandpaints.答案：creative10．Veryfewofthoseinterviewedspoke________(positive)abouttheirchildhood.答案：positivelyⅡ.完成句子1．We________________________oursmallmistakemayleadtoaseriousaccident.對于工作，我們怎么謹慎都不過分。任何小的失誤都可能導致嚴重的事故。答案：cannotbetoocautiousabout2．Toimprovegradescores，teachers________________________thestudents.為了提高學習成績，老師必須嚴格要求學生。答案：mustbestrictwith3．________________________，theyreachedthetopofMountainTai.他們到達泰山之巔，雖然疲勞但是興奮。答案：Tiredbutexcited4．Thecompany________________________theHopeProjectsincelastyear.這家公司自從去年以來給希望工程捐了很多錢。答案：hascontributedalotofmoneyto5．ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings，expressedideas，and________________________.正是這種語言影響了我看待事物、表達觀點和了解世界的方式。答案：madesenseoftheworld6．Ittookmorethanbuildingtookbrains，too.建造這些房屋不僅需要建筑材料，也需要大腦。答案：toconstructthesehouses7．With________________________theportrait，hismotherwasdeepinthought.凝視著畫像，他的媽媽陷入沉思。答案：hereyesfixedon8．Onlywhenheseesthepainting________________________whetherthepaintingisworthbuying.只有當他看了這幅畫后，才決定是否值得買這畫。答案：canhedecideⅢ.閱讀理解Onesummernightin1900，areporterappearedatthedoorofThomasEdison’slaboratoryaskingforannightguardwouldn’tadmithim，eventhoughEdisonwasstillatworkreporter，RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenewsthatsevenofhisinventions“wouldbecomeavailabletothepublic”whentheirpatents(專利)ranoutatmidnight.TheguardpassedontherequesttoEdison，whoreplied：“GothatfellowthatIsayMrEdisonhasneverusedhisinventionsaloneandneverexpectstointhistheendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor.”HearingEdison’sresponse，Crawfordwroteanothernote：“Whatdoyoumeanby‘neverusedalone’？Mustseeyou.”FinallythegreatinventoradmittedCrawfordandgavehimthisstatement：“Inthiscountryaninventorcan’tstoppeoplecopyinghismomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown.”Thirtyyearslater，CrawfordwasbackatEdison’slaboratory，againaskingaboutpatentsandthemoneyhegotfromaskedhim，“Youhaveinventedmanythings，includingtheelectricaren’tyoutherichestmanintheworldtoday？”Edison’sreply：“Nearly$10,000,000,000，theytellme，isinvestedinmodernindustrieswhichdevelopedfromideasincludedinmyinventionsandmybillionorsodollarsmaybetheannualtotalincometoworkersinfieldsconnectedwithmyinventionsandI’vemadeverylittleprofitfrommymylifetimeI’vetakenout1180patentssopatentshavecostmemorethanthey’vereturned’vemademoneythroughtheintroductionandsaleofmyproductsasamaker，notasaninventor.”Edisonwasoneofthefewfortunateinventorswhoknewthatgreatengineering，onitsown，earnedsuccessofanytechnologyliesinitsbusinessmodelandtheprotectionofits，Edisonsaid，theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions.語篇解讀本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了關于愛迪生的鮮為人知的故事。為什么這位偉大的發明家一生發明無數，卻沒有因此而成為世界上最富裕的人？1．AccordingtoParagraph1，CrawfordvisitedEdisonto________.A．informhimofthenewsB．seehowhardEdisonworkedC．knowwhatEdisonwasinventingD．findoutEdison’sresponsetothenews解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的RemsenCrawford，saidheneededtogetEdison’sreactiontothenews...可知，他深夜拜訪愛迪生是想了解愛迪生對于自己的七項發明專利權到期的反應，故選D項。答案：D2．WhatwasEdison’sattitudetowardtheendingofhispatents?A．Happy. B．Annoyed.C．Indifferent. D．Worried.解析：推理判斷題。從第二段的hasneverusedhisinventionsalone以及theendingofapatenthasnoeffectuponthewealthofaninventor可知，這個消息對于愛迪生來說無關緊要。答案：C3．ItisimpliedinthetextthatinEdison’stime________.A．AmericahadnopatentprotectionlawsB．hisinventionswerenothighlyvaluedC．patentsbenefitedinventorslittleD．applyingforpatentswascostly解析：推理判斷題。由第四段中Themomentheinventssomething，there’llbepiratesrisinguponallsidesandcallingittheirown以及最后一段中的theUShada“poorsystem”forprotectinginventions可知C項正確。答案：C4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EdisonandhispatentsB．Edison，thegreatestinventorC．ThepatentsysteminAmericaD．Edison’swayofmakingmoney解析：標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了愛迪生鮮為人知的故事，即他的一千多個專利為什么沒有讓他成為世界上最富有的人，因此A項很好地概括了文章內容。答案：ALewisHowardLatimerwasanAfrican-AmericanscientistwhomademanyimportantscientificwasborninChelsea，Massachusetts，in1848，toparentswhowereescapedtheageof15，hejoinedtheUnionnavyduringtheCivilWar.Afterhismilitaryservicein1865，Latimerwasemployedasanofficeboyatthepatentattorneyoffice(專利代理事務所)ofCrosbyandGouldinBoston，wherehelearnedmechanical1876，LatimerwashiredbyAlexanderGrahamBelltocreatethedrawingsnecessaryforapatentapplicationforBell’snewinvention，thecompletedthesedrawingsandrushedthemtothepatentoffice，wheretheyarrivedonlyafewhoursbeforethedrawingsofa，Bellsecuredthepatentforthetelephone.WhileworkingfortheUSElectricLightingCompany，Latimerandhisemployerslookedforawaytoimproveupontheincandescentlightbulb(白熾燈)thatwasbeingmarketedbyThomas’slightbulbslastedonlyafewinventingacardboardenvelopethatsurroundedthecarbonfilament(碳質燈絲)inthelightbulb，Latimerwasabletomakelightbulbslongerlastingandlessaresult，manycitiessawelectricallightingasabetterandcleanerwaytolighttheirstreetsandlikeNewYork，London，Montreal，andPhiladelphiasetupthiskindoflighting，andLatimerwassentouttoplanandbuildthelightingsystems.In1890，LatimerwashiredbyThomasEdisonattheEdisonElectricLighthemademoreimportantdiscoveriesandwroteawell-knownwastheonlyAfrican-AmericanmemberoftheEdisonPioneers，agroupofmenwhopracticallycreatedtheelectricinventedabathroomcompartment(車廂)fortrains，alockingrack(行李架)forhats，coatsandumbrellas，andanewimprovedbookholderfordiedin1928.語篇解讀本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了美國著名非洲裔發明家拉蒂默。5．AccordingtoParagraph2，Latimer________.A．helpedBelldesignthetelephoneB．madecertainBellsecuredhispatentC．wastherealinventorofthetelephoneD．hadworkedforBell’scompetitor解析：細節理解題。根據第二段可知，拉蒂默及時為貝爾的電話完成了制圖，從而確保貝爾申請到了電話的發明專利。答案：B6．WeknowfromParagraph3thatLatimer________.A．madelightbulbsmuchsaferB．inventednewstreetlampsC．helpedEdisonwithhisinventionsD．improvedonEdison’slightbulbs解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第一句Latimer...toimproveupontheincandescentlightbulbthatwasbeingmarketedbyThomasEdison可知，拉蒂默改進了愛迪生的電燈。答案：D7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Latimer’simportantachievementsinscience.B．HowLatimerbecameamemberofEdisonPioneers.C．ThewideinfluenceofThomasEdison.D．HowEdisonhelpedLatimerwithhiswork.解析：段落大意題。作者在最后一段主要介紹了拉蒂默的科技成就，A項符合該大意。答案：A8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutLatimer?A．Hehadservedformilitaryforfiveyears.B．Heinventedumbrellasandbookshelves.C．Hisparentshadbeenslaves.D．Hediedatthe