高中英語高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 一輪復(fù)習(xí) 定語從句 學(xué)案

定語從句定義：修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。所修飾的名詞或代詞為先行詞。例句：ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.我正在讀的這本書是托馬斯·哈代寫的。ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.樹后面的那個(gè)女孩是凱特。Thisisthesuitcasethatsheislookingfor.這是她正在找的手提箱。TherearetimeswhenIwonderwhyIdothisjob.有時(shí)候我也不明白自己為什么做這份工作。構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句（關(guān)系詞的作用：①連接主句和從句②指代先行詞③在從句中充當(dāng)成分）關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞可分為：關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose，as關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why關(guān)系代詞的具體用法如下：連詞主句中的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜ho指人主/賓語whom指人賓語whose指人或物定語（該詞后要跟名詞）that指人或物主/賓語which指物主/賓語as指人/物主/賓語例句：I’vegotanovelthat/whichyoumayliketoread.Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwho/thatwrotethearticle.Ilikethehousewhosewindowfacessouth.Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?【注意】關(guān)系代詞which與that的用法當(dāng)先行詞有不定代詞，all,something,much,little,everything,none等修飾或本身就是不定代詞的時(shí)候，一定要使用關(guān)系代詞“that”例：Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.當(dāng)先行詞有形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，一定要用“that”例：ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.當(dāng)先行詞前出現(xiàn)序數(shù)詞，一定用“that”.例：ThisisthefirsttrainthatwillgotoChicago.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,anyfew,little,no等詞修飾時(shí)，一定要使用關(guān)系代詞“that”例：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行詞既是人又是物時(shí)，用“that”例：Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadvisitedinthecity.在who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊問句中，限制性定語從句必須用“that”引導(dǎo)。例：Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere.當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前時(shí)，且先行詞是物時(shí)，只用which，不用“that”區(qū)別：1，Thisisahousethat/whichLuxunoncelivedin.→ThisisahouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.2,Thepoormanneedssomemoneythat/whichhecanbuyfoodwith.→Thepoormanneedssomemoneywithwhichtobuyfood.【對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)】單句語法填空Thefirstthing_________youshoulddoiscallthepolicerightaway.Thisisthemostdeliciousfood________Ihaveeverhad.All__________canbedonehasbeendone.Tellmeeverything_______youknow.Pleasesendusanyinformation_______youhaveaboutthesubject.Theonlything________shecoulddowasgotothepoliceforhelp.Thisistehverybook________Iwanttobuy.Soemtimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings__________upsetus.Whichodthebooks___________youboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?【鞏固練習(xí)】寫出下列各句中的定語從句的先行詞、關(guān)系詞。Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.()ThemanwhosefatherIhavetalkedtoisJack.()Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.()Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.()Theycanchoosesomethingthattheylike.()Thearmyorganisedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.()Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.()Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehaslenttohisfriend.()填上適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞。ACD-ROMisaseparatedisk______________containslotsofinformation.Thisisthesuitcase____________sheislookingfor.Thenumberofthepeople____________cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Weareconcernedaboutthepeople__________havesufferedalotintheearthquake.Dannywastheman__________werescuedfromtheruins.Roseistheperson___________youshouldcareabout.Isthatthegirl________youspokeoftheotherday?Iknowtheperson________housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.Helivedinahouse_________wallsandroofhadpartlycollapsed.關(guān)系副詞的用法：IcannotforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.我不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的那天。Theyexplainedtellherthereasontouswhytheyhadmisunderstoodusbefore.他們向我們解釋了他們以前誤會(huì)了我們的原因。Thisisthehousewheretheylivedago.這是他們以前住過的房子。【歸納】關(guān)系副詞在從句中所作成分所修飾的先行詞when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語表時(shí)間的名詞：time,moment,day,month,year,period等where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語表地點(diǎn)的名詞：place,house,city,country等；表抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞：point,case,position,condition,situation等why指原因或理由，在定語從句中作原因狀語表原因的名詞：reason【注意】關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”：when=(in,at,during....)+whichwhere=(at,on...)+whichwhy=forwhich例句：Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIwasborn.這就是我出生的城鎮(zhèn)。Thesearethereasonswhy/forwhichwedoit.這些就是我們這樣做的原因。Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhisfatherreturnedfromBeijing.他將一直記得父親從北京返回的那一天。【對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)】語法填空Wewillneverforgettheday__________weflewatanaltitudeof6000metersinthesky.Let’smeetattherestaurant___________wehaddinnertogetherlasttime!Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneontheInternet.Finally,wegottothefactory___________manymobilephonesofhighqualitywereproduced.Thereason_______hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.Therewasatime__________peoplemayhaveleftawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.I’vereachedapointinmylife____________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.Tomakeusmoreawareofthemoments,wejustneedtositdownintheeveningandwritedownthemoments__________wefeelhappy.Lifeislikealongrace_________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.【綜合練習(xí)】Thisisthefactory__________Ivisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactory___________heusedtowork.Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespentinthecountryside?Doyoustillrememberthedays__________westayedtogether?Thisisthemuseum________wasbuiltlastyear.Thisisthemuseum_________theexhibitionwasheldyesterday.Theirchildisatthestage___________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Self-drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamesta