全球?yàn)?zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)平臺：2024年全球自然災(zāi)害評估報(bào)告

MinistryofEmergency2024GiobaNaturalDisasterAssessmentReportshowedan8%decreaseinfrequency,a74%reductioninfatalitianda49%increaseindiredecreasedby15%,andtheaffectedpopulationdroppedbyapproximately54%,although48.8424million,StormscausedthehighestdinecteconomiciosseSesmicactivitiesdecreased,reultWIdfiressawa74%increaseinfatalitiestmorefrequenty,withfatalitiesspiking172%andtheaffectedpoputotaling130,followedbyAtacaandduetodisastersglobally,follovedbyAtriAsiainsecondplaceNaturaldisamaintyinvolvingextremetempeSpecialReport1showsthatin2024,naturaldisastersinChinawereprimarilycausedbyfioods,geologcalhazards,typhoons,hailstocms,towtemperaturedisasterssuchasdroughts,earthquakes,forestandgrassvaryingdegrees.ComparedtotheavethenumberofaffectedpeopleandcollapsedhousesinChinadeclinedby1.46and69.2%regionswiththehighestgiobaiclimatenisks,ecnibitseffecsthroughecologicalchains,nomicconflicts,formingaViciou5cycieof"enwironmentaldegradation-resourcecompetiticross-industryeconomiA5iancountries.Throughasystematicas5essmentofthecascadtomultipledimensionssuchastradelinkages,industrialcouplingchains,transportationchains,andtradechains.2024GlobalNaturalDisasterAssessmentReport1.0verviewofglobalnatur2.Characteristicsofglobalnaturaldisastersin20242.Temporalandspatia3.Trendanalysisofdisaster2.Cross-regionaleconomicspillovereffects4.Canclusionanddiscussion2024Gi0balNaturalD:sasterAssessmentReport1.0verviewofglobal2.Characteristicsofglnbalrsaturaldsastersin20242024GlobalNaturaDisasterAssessmentRepartin2024,atotalof309majornaturaldisastersoccurredregions.Amongthem,128werecausedbyfloods,wi41.4296;87causedbystorms(includingtyphoons,hurraccountingfor4.219%,11bydroughingfor3.56%;and6byyolcanicdisaster5,accountingfor1.94%(Table1andFiguTable1TheFrequencyandlossesofnaturaldisasNotThegobalnaturaidisastedatacomefromtheE材-DATIn-2024,atotalof16,753peoplewerekilledbyfloodscausedthehighestnumbfollowedbyextremetemperatureevents(both(31.329%),stormswith2,582fatalities(15.41%),landsliAtotalof167.203millionpeoplewereafthelargestpopulation(48.8424millianpeople,29.21%),followed28.66%).Extremetermperatureeventsaffeed29.4780million(17.63%).Thepopulationsaffectedbylandslides,earthquakes,wildfinicactivityweresignificantlyAtotalofUSD241.946billionindirecteconomiclosseswerecausedbynaturaldisastersworldwidein2024.Stormsinflictedthegreatesteconomiclosses,amoun71.33%ofthetotal.Floods(5.51%),wildfiresUSD4.78billion(1.98%),andlandslidesUSDof==22In2024,atotalof309majornaturaldiing16720milionpeople,andcausinthedeathtollwas68%less,theaffectedpopulationwas14%le5s,buttoverI,000fatalities,wnichisfowerthantheaverageofthepast30years.NonaIcAffectedpopulation(unit:tenthousandpersonsd)Drrecteconomicloss(unitU5D0.1bilian)ThefrequencywasIcAffectedpopulation(unit:tenthousandpersonsd)Drrecteconomicloss(unitU5D0.1bilian)Figure2Globalaverageannualnaturaldisasterlosses,1994-客客of2023,andthoseof2024aremeasL?dathespricelevelofthecuIn2024,atotalof128majorfloodsoccurredworldwide,accountingfor41%ofthetotalnumberofmajordisasters;fatalitiescausedbyfoodsreached5,883,approximately35%ofthetotaldeaths;theaffectedpopulationrhigherandtheafiectedpopulstionwas27%larger(Figure3).In2024,therewerenofloodswitha中194421s-4-(a)Frequencyofdisasters(unittimes(b)Fatalitieslunitpersons)in2024,therewere13matotalnumberofmajordisastersofabout3.6%ofthetotalfatalitiesfromnaturaldisasters,theaffectedpopulationaccouforabout0.5%;andthedirecteconomiclossesaccountedforabout7.5%.Comparedtothefrequency,a9896reductioninfatalitiesdropindirecteconomiclos5e5.Comparedtotheaveragefearthquakefrequencyin2024was47%6lower,fatalitieswere93%fewIn2024,atotalof?7majorstormsbccurredworldwide,accountingfor28%ofhetotalmajordastheyresultedinZ,582deaths,accountingfor15in2024increasedby2%,whilefatdirecteconomiclosseswere70%higher(Figure4).果果14-IM04-20北4-14-IM04-20北4-7TI2I3D41904-10632004-39口23L420033104na)Frequencya)Frequencyofdisasters{unun0n04.3#122(d)Directeconomicloss(unit:USD01bill1元a1904-2012004-2402()Afiectedpopulaton(uni()Afiectedpopulaton(uni2024ammeastaredacthepriceievelofthecurrentin2024,therewere20majorwildfiresthatcusedsignifstoodat12)CompartValparaisoRegiono(a)Frequencyofdisasters(unittimes+(b)Fatalitiesjunit;persons]b)Fatalitiesjunit;pein2024,therewere20majorwildfiresthatcusedsignifstoodat12)CompartValparaisoRegiono(a)Frequencyofdisasters(unittimes+(b)Fatalitiesjunit;persons]b)Fatalitiesjunit;pefc)AffectedPopulabon(unictefc)AffectedPopulabon(unictedisasterlosses,1994-2023vs.2024irerasiredntthepricelovelethecuruntIn2024,themaintypesofnaturaldisasterslidesoccurred33times,affectingatotalof18countries,mostlyInAsia;wildfiresst品BBFigureaSpatlialpattermofglobalnaturaldsaster;2024eventscountedinthestatistics(transcontinentaldisastersarecountedseparately).Asiahadtimesrespectively(accountingfor4.13%58.62%oftheglobaltotal;(10),SouthAmerica(3),NorthAmerica(2),Europe(1),andOceania(1).Amonexceeded1,000fatalitieseach:twoinAsiaandoneinNorthAmerica.IntermsofinSeptember,amountingtoUSD56billion.Figure9StatisticstermsofthefrequencyThetop10.countrieswiththehigSouthenandSoutheastemEurasia.TheUnitedStatesexperiencedtWesten,Southern,andSoutheastemAsia.ThetAfghanistanhavingthehighestat1,845,followedbybillion,withtheUnitedStateshavingthehighestatUSD155.935billion,followedbypreviousyear'sGDP,allcountriesexceptVanuatu,theCentralAincanRepFigure11Spatialdistributionofdisasterfatalities2024GlobalNaturalDisasterAssessmentReport8872024GlobaiNaturalDisasterAs2024andtheirspatialdistribution.Itismeteorologicalandhydrologicaldisasterssuchasextremeheat,stormsandfloodsearlywarningsystems,andlowerfeveisofempopulation)31241ic1o55esaremosttyconDctober9-0ctober20ituCceailf話2024GobaliNaturalD:sasterAssessmentReportregionsatoundtheworldin2024.ragua(0.29),Guiriea(0.35),andRomania(0.35)economicaggregatesasChina,thedisastUnitedStates(4.3Russla(0.02)andTurkiye(0.12)reportlowerrates,whileMexico(166)reportsahigherrate11restoftheworldin2024termsoftheproportionofdirecteconomictossesinGDP,Chinarnkedinithetop30.77giobalrangeintermsoftheeconomicaggregatescomparabletothatofChina,theUnitedStates(0.566)andGermany(0.16share112.Temporalandspatialchara2024GiobalNaturalDisasterAssessmentReport11In2024,Chinaexperiencedacompleters,mainlyincludingfioods,geologicalhazards,hailstoms,typhoons,aswellaslow-temperaturefrequakes,forestandgrasslandfires,andsandstormsingextents.Affectedbyextremeweatherevents,thecexperiencedmultipleroundsofheavyrainfall,whichwerecharacterizedbyfrequentainstorms,vastspatialextent,andeseverefloodingandgeologicaaiterrsatedbetweenthenorthabecweendroughtandflooding.FreasternChinaThroughoutpersons,andtheemergencyrelocationof3.645housescollapsed,andanotherB32,000housesweredamaged.Theare3amountedtoCNY401.11billion.Comparedtotheavepersonsduetodisasters,andthenumberofcby36.8%,12.1%,and69.5%,respectively,increasedby12.196.1n2024,comparenceda14%reductioninthenumberofpeopleaffec1路.Figure1Spatialdistri地2024GiobalNaturalDisasterAssesnentReporstorms,accountedforarelafor447%ofatalities.Deathsandmudslides,andfloods)accountedcaused4.8%offatalities,w1.5%.Othercausescauseofdisaster-relatedcauseofdisaster-relatedfor50.9%ofthetotal.Geodisasters(28%),andtyphooshares.Otherdisasterslikequakes,accountedforshareat64.8%.TyphoonsfollowedIn2024,Guangdong,Hunan,Shaanxl,Sichuan,andYdeathsandmissingpersons,rankingamongthDDHube 2004andconvertedaccordingtotheGDPindex,thesameHainan,Liaoning,Guangdong,Henan,ShaJingsulinf4period,withprecipitationshittingfroma30%deficirainfallrecords,leadingtofluvlalfloods,flashfioods,urbanwaterloggin2.544millionpeople,thecollapseot58,000houses,thedamageo379,000housesIn2024,atotalof26typhoonsformedintheNorthwedecade.itwashighlydestruinces,thecollapseanddamageof189,000houses,anddirecteconomiclossesofCsurgesinChinaoxhibitedThroughouttheyear,short-durationheavyrainfallandthunderstormsweredegrees,resultingin88deaths,theemergencyrelocationof12,000people,thecoila(regions)includingXinjiang,Ningxia,Gansu,andinnerMongolia,withanaffectedaSignificantimpactofloIn2024,Chinaexperiencedtypes.Thesevereweather,coincidingwiththeSpringFestivaltraffic,powersupplies,publictravel,anddailytifeExcessivetendeathsinAltay,Xinjiang,andNying2024GobafNaturalDisa5terAssessmentReportAtthebeginningof2024,thesouthwesternregionexperiencedcontinu-ousbelow-averagerainfallandinsufficientwaterstorageleadingtoawinter-springdrought.Afterthefloodseasondroughtwasgraduallyalleviatedduetomultipleroundsofheavyrainfall.FromMayanwards;aperiodofsustainedhightemperaturesacrossNorthChina,theHuang-Hual,andJiang-Huaidepletionandtheonsetofdroughtconditions.InmidandlateJune,themostareas,whilesomeredroughtandflooding.FromAugust,inflcenscedbyhightermperaturesandscantyrainfall,Sichuan,Chongqing,andthemiddlereachesoftheYang-persisteduntilOctoberwhentheywerelmillionpeoplewereaffectedbydrougwith1,206,200hectaresoferopsaffectedanddire8.36incideats,or72%,comparedtotheaverageofthepreviousfiveyears.292forestfiresoc33since2004,Comparedwiththeannualmeanfrom2004to2023(265.71million,statisticsdroppedby64.5%.0200420L2004200720U2005201020112U122013291420152016201720182019202L2021202220222024wasthelowestsince2004andFrom2004to2024,annualdeathandmissingtowasdeclining.in2024,thenumberoasthefifthlowestsince2004(oto2023/1,806,excluding20UFigure11AnnualstatisticsofdeathandmissingtoFrom2004to2024,thedeathandmissingtollsper100,000pershigherthanin2018,2020,2022,and2023).Comparedtothemeanfrom2004to2023(CNY221.69billion,20082004200520e200720L2D0E2012201GDPwasdecliningaswell.In2024,thedirecterankingasthefithdecreaseof53.1%,comparedtotheave2024GobatNatura2024GobatNatura2024GlobalNaturalDisasterAsses1warmingintensifies,theriskofheatwavesbroughtabbringingsevereimpactsonclimate-sensitivesectNOGbulfemayB111UsingthegicbalavBetween2D15and2024,globalhightemperaturesexhibitedsignificantregionaldiffetothespatialdistributionofhigh-temperaturedaysgiobally(FigobservedoneveryinhaofSouthAmerica.RegionsincludingtheSaharaDesertinAfrica,thesouthernArablanPbigh-temperaturedays,with-第-7Usimgthehightmgeaturtheatwavostandadsrecommendodbythewo2024GobalNaturalDisasouthernAsia(excludingtheQinghai-Xizang(excludingthewestemmountainousregion),an1最程松1最程松2extremeheateventsinthisregionin2024havebrtures,duration,andthesynergisticeffectsofheatandhumidity,fullysincethebeginningofsummerin20encedpersistent2024spansfromearlyMaytomidTetperafe37AfterJuly,thewholeMiddleEastwascontrolledbytheexceptionallystro"hightemperatureandhighhumidity"compounddisastrousweather,furtherexacerbathehightemperaturesituation.Forexample,inDubai,whentheactualtemperathecritlicalvalueofextremelythebackdropofglobalwarming."Whimumidftyistnohich,thebod/snoatdisprationfincfioniimcoeimdaAmongtheextremeheatwaveeventsoccurredduningtheHajperiodinMecca,SaudiArabia,wasparticularlyprominent.Asoneofthefargfromaroundtheworld.Duringthisperiod,theArablanPeninsulawashitbyapersistentheainthecontextofclimatechang1TheHajisthelurge峽ninualgatnoningpermission.TheSaudigovernmentimplethetotalquotacontrolandthehighcostsassticiatedwithofficmentedpilgrims.AccordingtostatisticsfromtheSaudMinistryofHeaith,about83%ofthefatalitities,forcingthemtowalklongdistancesinhightempfestedinasignificantincreasedecliningteatmenteffectiofmortalityattributionps//en/llve-revs/20240629chainreaction.Forexampie,in2024,apoverplantinKinwaitwasparalyzeddAtthesarnetime,expassandfrequentrepthermalexpansion,imposingoperatiohasforcedweight-restrictedtakeofpressureinurbanwatersupplysystemssurges.Theseissueslaborproductivityandincreasintionanddecreasedconcentration,leadiIncreased.Atthepubliccoolingcenters,expandemergencymoutdooremployersgencostsinthemanufacturingandconstructionwatersupply,highligingbelievers'willingnesstoparticipateinthetransmissionofreligiouscuitureandtheassociatedeteristicsofsystemic,compound,andcross-bordertransmheatwaves,waterresourceshortages,severesandstorms,andrisingsealevels,whichcderspillovereffectsthroughecologicalchains,tradenetworks,andgeopoliticalchannels.Curentlsocio-economicconflicts,formingaviciouscycleof"environmentaldegradatiotion-securityinstabitity",posingcomprehensivechallengestosustainableduration,andwideimpactrange.Firstly,regardingtempemKuwaitrecordedahistorichighteSecondly,intermsofduration,takingKuwaitasanexamevolvingfromcountry-specificevenThishighlightsthecro55-bordercorrelationofheatwavesinspatiadistributionandreflecis(June28,2024)wereattributabletohighhospitalizationrateforcardiovminimumincidencetemperature(approximatewereattributabletohighhospitalizationrateforcardiovminimumincidencetemperature(approximatehealthdamageamongthesetheirNationalAdaptatipredominantlyfocusonagniculture,waterresourAsgiobalcliratechangeintensifies,vaniouswithincreasinglysignificantiThiswillthreatenthestabilityofurbanecosysproduction,exacerbatediscomfortinurbanenvironmentsandtniggerpublicanxietyandaggreses,respiratorydiseases,heatstroke,andotherheaithissues,whilealsaincreasingstableoperationofcitles,tisnecessarytoadoptintingadaptabity,mitigation,annancebenefitsforallindividuals,includingvuln"forecasting-earlywaming-response-recovery",toimpruvenskidentificatistrengthentheresilienceofurbaninfrastrucmultilateralmechanisms,effortscouldbemadetopromotethChange(UNFCCC),specificallysupportingthetrpublichealthpersannel.Additionally,aregiousingtheWorldHealthCrganization(WHO)networktoenablelevel,itisadvocatedtoineludetheheatrisweather.Suchasystemincludespemitsystem,improvingon-siteiunauthorizedindividuas,includingprovidingemergencycoolAssessmentofCross-Border2.Crossregionaleconomicspillovereffects3.Analysisofcascadingamplificationtransmis4.Conclusionanddiscussion2024GiobalNaturalDisagrerAssessment11challengescientificexpectations.Tcimatechangehasbeentriggeringcomplexmeveningof1SeptemberItsfirstlandm/s)Thateveningat22:20,itmadelandfallinthecoastalareaofJiaoweiTownsProvince,Vietnam,asasaffected,280peopledied,hassignificantlystrengthened