【創新設計】高考英語總復習 211第一章定語從句（江蘇專用）

高頻語法講練第一章定語從句

△定語從句講解△一、定語從句的三個基本概念1．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或整個句子。2．關系詞：代替先行詞，用來連接先行詞和定語從句，同時在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。3．定語從句：放在先行詞之后，用來修飾先行詞的句子。【例1】Thisistheboy________wearelookingfor.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案C二、判斷關系詞的方法1．看是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句。2．看先行詞指人還是指物。3．根據關系詞在從句中所作的成分。【例2】Theperson________oftencomestohelpmeismyfather.A．whoB．whomC．whatD．which答案A【例3】I'llneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，________hasagreateffectonmylaterlife.A．inwhich；that B．when；whichC．which；that D．when；who答案B三、關系詞的基本用法1．關系代詞that的用法先行詞是人或物，that在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。【例4】Thestudent________isstudyingEnglishoftengivesmebooks________Iwantverymuch.A．that；that B．which；whichC．that；what D．which；that答案A【例5】Chinaisn'tthecountry________itusedtobe.A．whichB．thatC．asD．where答案B2．關系代詞which的用法先行詞是物，which在從句中作主語、賓語。【例6】InfacttheSwededidn'tunderstandthethreequestions________wereaskedinFrench.A．whereB．whoC．inwhichD．which答案D3．關系代詞who/whom的用法先行詞是人，who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom只作賓語。【例7】I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

(2010·湖南)A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which答案A【例8】Doyouknowthewoman________wemetatthegate?A．whichB．whatC．whomD．where答案C4．關系代詞whose的用法先行詞是人或物，whose在從句中作定語。whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich/whom＝ofwhich/whom＋the＋n.【例9】Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A．ofwhom B．whomC．ofwhose D．whose答案A【例10】Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.A．ofwhich B．whichC．ofwhose D．whose答案D5．關系副詞when的用法先行詞是時間，when在從句中作時間狀語。【例11】That'stheday________myfatherwasborninAmerica.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which答案B6．關系副詞where的用法先行詞是地點，where在從句中作地點狀語。【例12】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.(2010·天津)A．asB．whichC．whereD．that答案C7．關系副詞why的用法先行詞是reason，why在從句中作原因狀語。【例13】Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatefortheparty?A．thatB．whenC．whyD．how答案C8．關系代詞but的用法先行詞是否定，but本身也是否定且在從句中一般只作主語。but＝that...not【例14】Intheworldthereisnoone________hasafewfaults.A．thatB．butC．whoD．whom答案B四、定語從句的注意事項1．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的比較限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式其前無逗號其前有逗號翻譯譯在先行詞前(即：從句譯作先行詞的定語)譯成與主句并列的一個分句(即：譯作兩句)功能修飾名詞或代詞可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾整個主句關系詞可用that引導；作賓語的關系代詞常可省不可用that引導；關系詞一律不省意義起限制作用(若被省去，原句意義不完整)起補充說明作用(若被省去，原句意義不受影響)【例15】Hehasastrangecharacter，________makeshimhardtogetalongwith.A．whoB．whichC．thatD．what答案B【例16】ThatisTom'sfather________worksinChuangxin.A．whomB．whoC．thatD．what答案B2．注意定語從句謂語動詞的形式關系代詞作定語從句的主語時，從句的謂語動詞必須與先行詞保持一致。【例17】Hewho________reachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．don'tB．doesn'tC．isn'tD．aren't答案B下列兩種情況須特別注意(1)在“oneof＋復數名詞”后面，定語從句的謂語用復數。(2)在“the(only)oneof＋復數名詞”后面，定語從句的謂語用單數。【例18】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.(2010·全國Ⅱ)A．wear B．wearsC．hasworn D．haveworn答案B3．關系詞常可省略的情況(1)關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時；(2)先行詞是某些表示時間的名詞(如time等)時；(3)先行詞theway后面的關系詞作狀語時(可理解為省略關系詞that或inwhich)。【例19】It'stime________wewenttoschool.A．whenB．asC．不填D．which答案C4．由“介詞＋whom/which”引出的定語從句介詞的選用：(1)看介詞和從句中的動詞、形容詞的習慣搭配；(2)看介詞和前面先行詞的習慣搭配；(3)看從句謂語部分與前面先行詞之間的搭配；(4)表示“所有關系”或整體中的一部分時常用of。(注意：該結構中的關系代詞一般不用that/who，且其中的whom/which不可省。)【例21】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity. (2010·浙江)A．whomB．whichC．themD．those答案A【例22】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture. (2010·上海)A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich答案C【例23】Isthisthedictionary________youspentfivedollars?A．towhich B．forwhichC．onwhich D．that答案C5．先行詞指“物”時，用that一般不用which的情況(1)先行詞是不定代詞all，none，little，much，everything，nothing等時；(2)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時；(3)先行詞被序數詞或thelast，theonly，thevery修飾時；(4)先行詞既有人又有物時；(5)關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作表語時。【例24】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault. (2010·全國Ⅱ)A．whoB．thatC．asD．what答案B【例25】Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoolinthepast.A．whichB．thatC．whomD．what答案B【例26】Shewastheonlypersoninheroffice________wasinvitedtotheball.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．which答案A/B6．as和which引導非限制性定語從句的比較相同點：(1)先行詞都可指代整個主句；(2)都可在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。不同點：(1)as引導的從句可位于句首，而which則不行；(2)as有“正如……”之意，而which表示“這一點”。【例27】________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What答案B【例28】Myfatherhasreturnedfromabroad，________makesourfamilyveryhappy.A．thatB．whichC．itD．as答案B7．與thesame連用的關系詞比較thesame...as與thesame...that：一般說來，前者表“同類”，后者表“同一”。【例29】Tomtookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera________helostlastweek.A．asB．likeC．whichD．that答案D8．先行詞表示時間、地點或原因時，關系詞用that或which的情況有時，先行詞雖表時間、地點或原因，但關系詞在從句中作主語、賓語等而不是作狀語，這時，不用when，where或why，要用that或which。【例30】Icanneverforgettheday________weworkedtogetherandtheday________wespenttogether.A．when；which B．which；whenC．what；that D．onwhich；when答案A【例31】Thisisthereason________preventedusfromcoming.A．why B．forwhichC．that D．what答案C五、“似是而非”定語從句第一組①Itwasthesmallcity________Ionceworked.②Itwasinthesmallcity________Ionceworked.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．onwhich答案①A②C強調句型可以還原：若將Itis/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分，結構完整，說明原句是強調句型；若結構不完整，則說明原句可能為定語從句。第二組①Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyat.②Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyather.A．asB．likeC．whichD．that答案①A②D比較such...as與such...that：前者引導的是定語從句，as須作主語、賓語、表語等；后者引導的是結果狀語從句，that不作成分。第三組①Istilllive________Iwasborn.②Istillliveinthetown________Iwasborn.③Istillhaveaquestion________Iwasborn.A．whereB．inwhichC．A&B答案①A②C③Awhere引導定語從句時，其前須有地點名詞，where常可用“介詞＋which”取代；where引導的從句前如無地點名詞，則不是定語從句，where就不可用“介詞＋which”取代。第四組①________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.②________isknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.③________isknowntoevery