二輪復習八主謂一致

二輪復習（八）主謂一致［全析考法］I.單句語法填空（2018?全國卷I）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.解析：is根據語境可知，此處敘述的是一般的客觀事實，且本句中賓語從句與主句的時態應保持一致，故使用一般現在時。it指代上一句的runningregularly,是第三人稱單數，故填is。（2017?全國卷I）Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：is本句中的主語是fastfood,是不可數名詞短語，所以謂語用第三人稱單數形式，且此處講的是現狀，所以填is。（2016?全國卷H）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）oftenacceptable.解析：is主語是“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”，所以謂語用單數形式；此處表示客觀情況，用一般現在時。H.單句改錯（2018?全國卷ni）Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.解析:includefincludes分析句子結構可知,that引導定語從句，修飾place,關系代詞替代place在從句中作主語，從句謂語動詞的數要與先行詞保持一致，謂語動詞也使用第三人稱單數的形式。（2016?浙江高考）Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus. 解析：wasfwere從句中的主語是we,為復數，故be動詞應該用were。（2014?全國卷H）Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a.m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.解析：lookf100ks最后一句的主語是單數形式，所以謂語也用第三人稱單數，根據前文可知應用一般現在時，所以用looks。（2014?遼寧高考）Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.解析：havefhas句子的主語為“Theearlymorningbarking”，故謂語動詞應用單數形式。（2014?陜西高考）Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain!解析：wasfwere句中主語是“thearrows"，為復數形式，故be動詞應該用were。［謹記規則］（一）并列主語的主謂一致.當兩個或兩個以上作主語的單數名詞用and,both...and連接，并表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數形式。但and連接的并列名詞如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名詞前沒有限定詞，謂語動詞用單數形式，如theneedleandthread,theforkandknife,ironandsteel,mudandsand等。Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople..由each,every,no修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接多個并列主語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。Nosoundand(no)voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.Everyboyandeverygirlistreatedinthesamewayinourschool..由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso..等連接并列U主語時，謂語動詞的單復數與它臨近的主語保持一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter..therebe,herebe后接幾個并列名詞時，謂語be動詞的數遵循就近原則。Thereisanorangeandfourbananasleft.(二)數詞和量詞作主語時的主謂一致“分數+of/百分數+of/therestof/plentyof/themajorityof/lotsof/alotof/aquantityof+可數名詞復數或不可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數一般取決于of后名詞的數。但quantitiesof…作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aquantityofwaterisneededforcoolingpurpose.=Quantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.“agreatdealof/alargeamountof+不可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。但largeamountsof...作主語，謂語動詞用復數。Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.=Largeamountsofgrainhavebeeneatenbybirds.anumberof,avarietyof修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數；thenumberof,thevarietyof后接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50,andanumberofthemarefromHebei.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修飾的主語，其謂語動詞的單復數取決于這些詞的數，而不是它們后面所跟名詞的數。Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.(三)其他情況的主謂一致.當主語后帶有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等連接的成分時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于前面主語的單復數。Thehouse,includingthegardenandthepark,wassold.Ithinktheboss,ratherthantheworkers,wastoblamefortheloss..在“oneof+復數名詞+who/which/that”引導的定語從句中，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數。one前面如果有theonly/very修飾，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數。Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball..“morethanone/manya(n)+單數可數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Morethanoneboylikestoplaybasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingbaseball..強調句itis/was...that/who…中，主句謂語總是用單數。Itishewhotellsusthenews..不定式、動詞ing形式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Toobeythelawiseveryone'sduty.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.Whyhediditwasveryclear..由兩部分構成一個整體的物體名詞如shoes,trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。但如果這類名詞前用了apairof,apieceof,akindof,aseriesof等來修飾，謂語動詞的單復數與表示計量單位的名詞一致。Histrousersaretoolongtowear.Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebag.語法填空解題“3視角”.看主語人稱，確定謂語動詞形式.看充當主語的詞(短語)，確定謂語動詞形式⑴看到主語為動名詞短語/todo不定式或從句，要想到謂語應為第三人稱單數形式；(2)看到“分數/百分數+of+名詞”作主語，要想到謂語的數取決于名詞。.看到therebe等結構，要想到用就近一致原則據第1條解題Thedesignonthebackshows(show)theyelloweyedpenguin,oneoftheworld'srarestpenguins.HavingtraveledfromChinathroughKazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,BelgiumandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containerswere(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.據第2條解題Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_is_covered(cover)withtreesnow,about80%ofwhichwere_planted_(plant)inthe1990s.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshas_caused(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagersovertheyears.據第3條解題NotonlyJasperbutalsohisfriendsare(be)planningtogo,becausetheyhaveneverbeentherebefore.Thereare_(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.短文改錯解題“3原則”.通過“語法一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)可數名詞單數或不可數名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數；可數名詞復數作主語時謂語動詞用復數。(2)在定語從句中，關系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。(3)單個的動名詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數。但what引導的主語從句表示復數概念時，謂語動詞用復數。(4)主語后是艮有with,togetherwith,aswellas等引起的并列主語時，謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致。(5)復數形式單數意義的詞，如news,maths,plastics,physics作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。.通過“意義一致”原則解決主謂一致問題⑴集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式；若被看作是構成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的集體名詞有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。2)“分數/百分數/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于of后名詞的數以及其表示的意義；all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語實際表達的意義。.通過“就近一致”原則解決主謂一致問題由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語或者在therebe句型中，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。據第1條解題Comparedwithonlinegames,manytraditionalgames,likehideandseek,benefitskidsmentallyandphysically.benefits^benefitDr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,aregoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.arLis據第2條解題Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing._needsfneed98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.are^is據第3條解題Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowded,buteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely第一個wasfwereHerecomeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingCefcomes［語篇綜合檢測］I.語法填空IlostmylastdebateintherecentNationalHighSchoolAcademicDebate&SpeechTournamentheldinShanghai.Butinsteadoffocusingonmy__1__(fail),Istoppedtoreflectonmyexperiencesinthepastfewyears__2__adebater.Ingeneral,preparingfornewdebatetopicsusually__3__(include)brainstormingarguments,researchingaresolution(解決)，anddoingdebatepractice.Soifyouspotadebatinggroup,youmightseeussittingtogetherafterschool,orevenalldayatweekends,discussingargumentsandresearchingevidence.Youmightalsonoticeusarguing__4__(fierce)anywherewecan.Notonlyaretheysupportive,butmydebatefriendsalsohavesimilarpassionsandintereststomine.Aswediscussdebatetopics,myfellowdebatersandIcantalkaboutanything,from__5__bestwayofrehabilitating(改造)criminalstothenegativepointsoffreeimmigrationpolicies.However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway__6__(practice)ourdebatingskills.Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsider__7__(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.Tome,thedebatingcommunityisagreatplace__8__peoplehelpeachothernotonlybecausethey'reinterestedinahighercause,butbecausetheycareabouthowpeoplefromdifferent__9__(background)canleadbetterlives.I'mgratefultoeachofmydebatefriendsandeverysingleminutewegottospendtogether.Indeed,myhighschoollifewouldbeincompletewithoutthem.SoeventhoughI__10__(defeat)inmylastdebate,I'mstillthankfulforbeingpartofmywonderfuldebatefamily.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者雖然在一次辯論賽中失敗了，但停下來反思過去幾年作為一名辯手的經歷，作者依然覺得獲益匪淺。failure考查詞性轉換。根據空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知，此處應用名詞，故填fail的名詞形式failure。as考查介詞。句意：但“我”并沒有把注意力集中到自己的失敗上，而是停下來反思過去幾年自己作為一名辯手的經歷。根據句意可知此處用介詞as,表示“作為“。includes考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。本句中主語為preparingfornewdebatetopics,是動名詞短語，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。fiercely考查詞性轉換。句意：你也有可能注意到在任何我們能辯論的地方我們都在激烈地爭論。空處修飾arguing,應用副詞。the考查冠詞。形容詞的最高級前要用定冠詞the,故此處應填the。topractice考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，我們的討論不僅僅是練習我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處todo形式作定語。winning考查非謂語動詞。在“我”看來，它們有助于我們變得鎮靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問題。動詞consider“考慮”后跟動詞ing形式作賓語。where考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語，先行詞為place,故用where。backgrou