氣象專業英語詞匯

主題辭表planetar/atmosphere行星大氣

EnglishChinesestandardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）標

1.大氣準大氣（參照大氣）

atmosphericscience大氣科homogeneousatmosphere均質大

學meteorology氣象學氣isothermalatmosphere等溫大

theoreticalmeteorology理論氣象學氣polytropicatmosphere多元大氣

mesometeorology中尺度氣象學scaleheight大氣標高

micrometeorology微氣象學meteorologicalelement氣象因素

physicalmeteorology物理氣象學airtemperature氣溫

atmosphere大氣wet-bulbtemperature濕球溫度

evolutionofatmosphere大氣演化dry-bulbtemperature干球溫度

atmosphericimpurity大氣雜質temperatureprofile溫度廓線

atmosphericsuspendedmatter大氣懸浮atmosphericpressure氣壓

物atmosphericRffusion大氣擴散standardatmospherepressure標準大氣

atmosphericcomposition大氣成分壓stationpressure本站氣壓

atmosphericion大氣離子atmosphericsea-levelpressure海平面氣壓

mass大氣質量pressuregradient氣壓梯度

airquality大氣品位atmosphericbarometricheightformula壓高公式

density大氣密度atmosphericpressuregradientforce氣壓梯度力

subdivision大氣分層Coriolisforce科里奧利力

homosphere均質層watervapor水［蒸］汽

heterosphere非均質層transferofwatervapor水汽輸

homopause均質層頂significant送watervaporprofile水汽廓線

level特色層standard［pressure］watervaporpressure水汽壓

level標準層isothermallayer等溫humidity濕度

層relativehumidity相對濕度

loweratmosphere低層大氣absolutehumidity絕對濕度

middleatmosphere中層大specifichumidity比*顯

氣upperatmosphere高層大mixingratio混雜比

氣troposphere對流層dewpoint［temperature］露點（溫度）

tropopause對流層頂depressionofthedewpoint（溫度）露點

stratosphere平流層差super-saturatedair過飽和空氣

stratopause平流層頂saturationspecifichumidity飽和比濕

mesosphere中間層saturationvaporpressure飽和水汽壓

mesopause中間層頂psychrometricformula測濕公式saturation

thermosphere熱層deficit飽和差

exosphere外［逸］層internationalcloudatlas國際云圖

ionosphere電離層cloud云

magnetosphere磁層lowcloud低云

magnetopause磁層頂middlecloud中云

chemosphere光化層highcloud高云

chemopause光化層頂cloudbase云底

ozonosphere臭氧層cloudtop云頂

freeatmosphere自由大氣cloudceiling云塞

1

clojdamount云量stratusfractus,Stfra碎層

totalcloudcover總云量云nimbostratus,Ns雨層云

clojdwithverticaldevelopment直展云stratiformcloud層狀云

cloudheight云高cumuliformcloud積狀云

clojdgenera云屬fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云

cloudetage云族chaoticsky紛雜天空

clojdspecies云種coldcloud冷云

clojdvariety云類warmcloud暖云

clojdform云狀icccloud冰云

cirrus,Ci卷云watercloud水云

cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云hailcloud[冰]雹云

cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云wind風

cirrusuncinus,Ciunc鉤卷云winddirection風向

cirrostratus,Cs卷層云windspeed,windvelocity風速

cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷層云maximumwindspeed最狂風速

cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷層云extremewindspeed極狂風速

cirrocumulus,Cc卷積云windspeedprofile風速廓線

altocumulus,Ac高積云horizontalwindvector水平風矢量

altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高積云windforce風力

altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高積云windforcescale風級

altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen英狀高積云Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福風級

altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug積云性高積calm0級風

云lightair1級風

altocumulusfloccus絮狀高積云lightbreeze2級風

altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡狀高積gentlebreeze3級風

云altostratus,As高層云moderatebreeze4級風

altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高層freshbreeze5級風

云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高層云strongbreeze6級風

cumulus,Cu積云neargale7級風

cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡積云gale8級風

cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展積云stronggale9級風

cumulusfractus,Cufra碎積云storm10級風

cumuluscongestus,Cucon濃積云violentstorm11級風

cumulonimbus,Cb積雨云hurricane12級風

cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal禿積雨云gust陣風

cumulonimbuscap川atus,Cbcap鬃積雨云localwind地方性風

stratocumulus,Sc層積云surfacewind地面風

stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光層積云foehn焚風

stratocumulusopacus,Scop板光層積云mountain-valleybreeze山谷風

stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug積云f生層sea-landbreeze海陸風

積云on-shorewind向岸風

stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡狀層積off-shorewind離岸風

云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen莢狀層gorgewind峽谷風

積云stratus,St層云slopewind坡風

2

glacierbreeze冰川風storm風暴

drainagewind流泄風sandstorm,duststorm沙［塵］

能見度

visibility暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾

effectivevisibility有效能見度

visualrangeoflight燈光能見距離hazealoft高空霾

surfacevisibihty地面能見度dust浮塵

horizontalvisibility水平能見度blowingsand高吹沙

verticalvisibility垂直能見度slantdriftingsand低吹沙

visibility傾斜能見度meteor大氣dew露

現象frost霜

weatherphenomenon天氣現象frostpoint霜點

clearsky晴日firstfrost初霜

partlycloudy少云latestfrost終霜

cloudy多云tornado龍卷

overcast陰天dustdevil塵卷風

blueofthesky天空藍度apparentsquall即

formofthesky天穹形狀stateofsnow雪

ground地面狀態snowvirga雪幡

skycondition天空狀況sleet雨夾雪

precipitation降水showerysnow陣雪

amountofprecipitation降水量snowcrystal雪晶

precipitationintensity降水強度showerysnowflake雪花

precipitation陣性降水convectivesnowgrains米雪

precipitation對流性降水non-convectivesnowstorm雪暴

precipitation非對流性降水orographicdrivensnow吹雪

precipitation地形降水driftingsnow低吹雪

rain雨blowingsnow高吹雪

rainvirga雨幡snowcover積雪

raindrop雨滴snowfall［amount］雪量

rainshadow雨影snowdepth雪深

glaze雨淞snowday雪日

rainday雨日icing積冰

rainfall［amount］雨量wireicing電線積冰

continuousprecipitation連續性降水hail冰雹

intermittentprecipitation間歇性降水hailstone雹塊

showeryrain陣雨icepellet冰丸

freezingrain凍雨thunder雷

drizzle毛毛雨thunderstorm雷暴

lightrain毛毛雨thundershower雷陣雨

moderaterain中雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷

heavyrain大雨暴thunderstormcell雷暴單體

torrentialrain暴雨atmospherics天電lightning閃電

localprecipitation地方性降水

orographicrain土也形雨lightningchannel閃電通道

3

forkedlightning叉狀閃電ground-basedobservation地基察

sheetlightning片狀閃電看mountainobservation山地察看

balllightning球狀閃電sounding探空

streaklightning條狀閃電pearl-upperairobservation高空察看

necklacelightning串珠狀閃電fogauxiliaryshipobservation,ASO輔助船舶察看

霧aircraftsounding飛機探測

mist輕霧rocketsounding火箭探測

wetfog濕霧radiosounding無線電探空

seafog海霧captiveballoonsounding系留氣球探測

icefog冰霧pilotballoonobservation測風氣球察看

frontalfog鋒面霧radiowindobservation無線電測風察看

advectionfog平流霧standardtimeofobservation標準察看時

radiationfog輻射霧advection-間actualtimeofobservation實質察看時

radiationfog平流輻射霧mixing間observationalfrequency察看次數

fog混雜霧observationalerror察看偏差

evaporationfog蒸發霧supplementaryobservation增補察看

supercooledfog過冷去「J霧autographicrecords自記記錄

groundfog地面霧surfacedata地面資料

upslopefog上坡霧upperairdata高空資料

air-massfog氣團霧barometerlevel氣壓表高度

tropicalairfog熱帶氣團霧pressurereduction氣壓換算

rime霧淞barometriccorrection氣壓校訂

graupel霰internationalsynopticcode國際［天氣］電碼

percentageofsunshine日照百分率networkofmeteorologicalstation氣象臺站網

sunshineduration日照時數observationsite察看場

durationofpossiblesunshine可照時數meteorologicalplatform氣象察看平臺

2.大氣探測oceanweatherstation海洋氣象站

atmosphericsoundingandobserving大氣探fixedshipstation固定船舶站

測meteorologicalobservation氣象察看mobileshipstation挪動船舶站

synopticobservation大氣察看synoptichourmountainobservationstation頂峰［觀］測站

天氣察看時間automatemeteorologicalstation自動氣象站

principalsynopticobservation基本天氣察看meteorologicalinstrument氣象彳義器

intermediatesynopticobservation輔助天氣察screenjnstrumentshelter百葉箱

看thermometer溫度表

surfaceobservation地面察telethermometer遙測溫度

看visualobservation目測表thermograph溫度計

backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染察geothermometer土也工顯表

看surfacegeothermometer地面溫度表

fieldobservation外場察看conventionalanglegeothermometer曲管地溫表

observation常例察看non-conventionaltube-typedgeothermometer直管地溫

observation特別規察看shipobservation表grassthermometer草溫表

船舶察看maximumthermometer最高溫度表

fixedpointobservation定點察看minimumthermometer最低溫度表

space-basedobservation空基察看mercurythermometer水銀溫度表

4

Lyman-ahygrometer萊曼-a濕度表pilot-balloonplottingboard測風繪圖板

bimetallicthermograph雙金屬片溫度計hail-rainseparator雹雨分別器

barograph氣壓計evaporograph蒸發計

aneroidbarograph空盒氣壓計evaporationpan小型蒸發器

mountainbarograph頂峰氣壓evaporationtank大型蒸發

計barometer氣壓表器standardpan標準蒸發器

aneroidbarometer空盒氣壓表ceilingprojector云嘉燈

ship-barometer船用氣壓表visibilitymeter,visiometer能見度表

mountainbarometer頂峰氣壓表raingauge雨量器

pressurealtimeter氣壓測高表pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量計

normalbarometer標準氣壓表accumulativeraingauge累計雨量器

nationalstandardbarometer國家標準氣壓tiltingbucketraingauge翻4［式］雨量計

表regionalstandardbarometeri也域標準氣electricconductivityraingauge水導［式］雨量計

壓表absolutestandardbarometer絕對標準siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸［式］雨量計

氣壓表microbarograph微壓計mercuryrainfallintensityrecorder南強計

barometer水銀氣壓表telemeteringpluviograph遙測雨量計

Fortinbarometer福「氣壓表windvane風向標

Kewpatternbarometer寇烏氣壓表anemometer風速表

hygrograph濕度計contactanemometer電接風速表

hygrometer濕度表cupanemometer轉杯風速表

psychrometer干濕表propelleranemometer螺旋槳［式］風速表

aspiratedpsychrometer通反1干濕表anemorumbometer風向風速表

standardaspiratedpsychrometer標準通風干濕hot-wireanemometer熱線風速表

表strongwindanemograph強風儀

whrlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手搖navaidwind-finding導航測風

干濕表laserceilometer激光云幕

Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干濕儀anemograph風速計

表dew-pointhygrometer露點濕度表radiotheodolite無線電經緯儀

hairhygrometer毛發濕度表hairaerologicaltheodolite測風經緯儀

hygrograph毛發濕度計radiosonde無線電探空儀

blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球溫度dropsonde下投式探空儀

表constantlevelballoon定高氣球

barothermograph氣壓溫度計cry-ultrasonicanemometer超聲測］儀L儀

bulbthermometer干球溫度表ceilingballoon云黑氣球

wet-bulbthermometer濕球溫度表meteorologicalaircraft氣象飛機

sunshinerecorder日照計snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺

Jordansunshinerecorder喬唐U照計weightingsnow-gauge稱雪器

Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培爾-司drosometer,dewgauge測露表

托克日照計frozensoilapparatus凍土器

pyrheliometer直接輻射表sonde探空儀

pyranometer總輻射表profiler廓線儀

skyradiometerdiffusometer天空輻射表meteorologicalrocket氣象火箭

albedometer反照率表soundingrocket探空火箭

pyranometer凈輻射表weatherradar天氣雷達

5

meteorologicalradar氣象雷達highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,

lidar激光雷達HRIRS高分辨［率］紅外輻射探測器

sodar,acousticradar聲［雷］達scanningradiometer,SR掃描輻射儀

Doopierradar多普勒天氣雷達veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR甚高分

incoherentradar非相關雷達辨率輻射儀

radarnetworkcomposite雷達組verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer溫度垂

網radarsounding雷達探空直廓線輻射儀

wirdfindingradar測風雷達datacollectionplatform,DCP資料采集平臺

Doopiersodar多普勒聲達automatepicturetransmission,APT自動圖象

Doopierlidar多普勒激光雷達傳輸

MSTradarMST雷達highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高

UHFDopplerradar超高頻雷達分辨［率］II象傳輸

VHFradar甚高頻雷達highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高分辨率［云

coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相關儲蓄濾波器圖］傳真

radarrainfallintegrator雷達雨量積分器rangelowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低分辨率［云

velocitydisplay,RVD距離速度顯示velocity圖］傳真

azimuthdisplay,VAD速度方向顯示constantdelaypicturetransmission,DPT延時圖象傳

altitudeplanpositionindicator,CARPI等高平面輸directread-outgroundstation直讀式地面

地點顯示器站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天氣圖傳真

planpostionindicator,PPI平面地點顯示器synopticdata天氣資料

planshearindicator,PSI平面切變顯示器non-synopticdata非天氣資料

velocityazimuthrangedisplay,VARD速度方realtimedata及時資料non-

位距離顯示realtimedata非及時資料

radarsonde雷達測風儀stretcheddata時展資料sub-

atmosphericremotesensing大氣遙satellitepoint［衛星］星下點

感nversetechnique反演法temporalresolution時間分辨率

temperatureretrieval溫度反演spatialresolution空間分辨率

inversionofsatellitesounding衛星探測反演fullresolution全分辨率

meteorologicalsatellite氣象衛星radiationtransferequation輻射傳輸方程

NIMBUS雨云衛星atmospherictransmissionmodel大氣傳輸模式

NCAA諾阿衛星3.大氣物理學

polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite極軌氣象atmosphericphysics大氣物理［學］

衛星cloudphysics云物理學

TIROS泰羅斯衛星precipitationphysics降水物理學

TIROS-N泰羅斯-N衛星clouddynamics云動力學

ESSA艾薩衛星middleatmosphericphysics中層大氣物理

ITOS艾托斯衛星學aeronomy高空大氣學

geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS土也aerology高空氣象學

球靜止氣象衛星radiometeorology無線電氣象學

meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation氣象衛boundarylayermeteorology界限層氣象

星地面站學boundarylayerclimate界限層天氣

microwaveradiometer微波輻射儀atmosphericboundarylayer大氣界限層

highresolutioninterferometricsounder高分辨air-seainterface海氣界面

［率］干涉探測器air-seaexchange海氣交換

6

tracerdiffusionexperiment示蹤擴散實驗coagulation碰并

surfacelayer近土也層icecrystal冰晶

surfaceroughness地面粗糙iceneedle冰針

度atmosphericduct大氣波導icenucleus冰核

advection平流convection對icepoint冰點

流condensation凝固

freeconvection自由對流evaporation蒸發

forcedconvection逼迫對流potentialevaporation暗藏蒸

convectioncell對流單體發solidification凝固

Benardcell貝納胞deposition凝華sublimation升

Benardconvection貝納對流華freezing凍結

convectionmodel對流模式

updraught上曳氣流freezingnucleus凍結核

downdraught下曳氣流condensationnucleus凝固

transitionalflow過渡氣流核saltnucleus鹽核cloud

drydeposition干沉降chamber云室

wetdeposition濕沉降combustionnucleus燃燒核

aerosol氣溶膠depositionnucleus凝華核

aerosolparticlesizedistribution氣溶膠粒子譜weathermodification人工影響天氣

aqueousaerosol濕氣溶膠targetarea口標區

stratosphericaerosol平流層氣溶clouddissipation消云

膠hailgenerationzone冰雹生成salt-seeding鹽粉播撒

區conicalhail錐形冰雹hailfrostprevention防霜

embryo窗核cloudseeding播云

haillobe雹瓣cloudseedingagent播云劑

hailpellet雹粒artificialprecipitation人工降水

cumulonimbusmodel積雨云模式hailsuppression防雹

condensationprocess凝固過程fogdissipation消霧

cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝固dynamiccloudseeding動力播云

核artificialnucleation人工成核作用cloudradarmeteorology雷達氣象學

toptemperature云頂溫度ice-watermeteorologicalradarequation氣象雷達方程

mixedcloud冰水混雜云cloudstructureradarmeteorologicalobservation雷達氣象察看

云結構radarreflectivityfactor雷達反射率因子

clojdparticlesampler云滴采樣器radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷達等效反

clojddroplet-sizedistribution云滴譜射率因子

clojddropletcollector云滴譜儀weatherecho天氣回波cloud

raindropsizedistribution雨"商譜echo云回波echowall回波墻

drop-sizedistributionparameter滴譜參數superrefractionecho超折射回

disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴譜儀波secondtripecho二次回波

fog-drop霧滴incoherentecho非相關回波

clojddroplet云滴coherentecho相關同波ground

supercooledclouddroplet過冷云echo地物回波

滴dropspectrum滴譜

collision碰撞clearairecho晴空回波

7

convectiveecho對流回波cloudattenuation云衰減

whrlingecho渦旋狀回波precipitationattenuation降水衰減

spielrain-bandecho螺旋雨帶回rangeattenuation距離衰減echo

波ayeredecho層狀回波bancedsyntheticchart回波綜合圖iso-

echo帶狀回波echocontour等回波線

hookecho鉤狀回波normalizedechointensity歸一化回波強度

weakechovault弱回波穹窿isolatedcell孤立單體

precipitationecho降水回波weakcell弱單體

angelecho異?；夭╯atellitemeteorology衛星氣象學

elevatedecho雨幡回波satellitesounding衛星探測

celecho單體回波cloudcluster云團

supercell超級單體satellitecloudpicture衛星云圖

multiple-cellecho多單體回波sectorizedcloudpicture分區云

echocomplex回波復合體圖picturemosaic拼圖

cloudtopheight,CTH云頂高度imageprocessing圖象辦理distortion

echodepthPl波厚度correction畸變校訂infraredcloud

echocharacter回波特色echopicture紅外云圖visiblecloudpicture

analysis回波剖析echodistortion回可見光云圖nulti-spectralimage,MSI

波畸變radarreflectivity雷達反射率多波段圖象microwaveimage微波圖

superrefraction超折射negative象

refraction負折射troposphericimageresolution圖象分辨率digitized

refraction對流層折射beamfillingcloudmap數字化云圖enhanced

coefficient波束充塞系數rangebin距cloudpicture加強云圖false-color

離庫cloudpicture假彩色云圖pseudo-

colorcloudpicture偽彩色云圖full-

rangeaveraging距離均勻azimuthdisccloudpicture全景圓盤云圖

averaging方向均勻rangeresolutionnephanalysis云[層]剖析圖brightness

距離分辨率azimuthresolution方向temperature亮度溫度cloudcoverage

角分辨率numberofrangesamples云覆蓋區cloudstreet云街

距離采樣數coherent-videosignal相

關視頻信號quantizedsignal量化信cloudline云線

號depolarizationratio退偏振比spiralcloudband螺旋云帶

rotationband轉動譜帶monsooncloudcluster季風云?

【才Itropicalcloudcluster熱帶云

Doopiervelocity多普勒速度團squallcloud胞線云

rangeambiguity距離模糊shieldcloud盾狀云

maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊品巨open[cloud]cells張口型細胞狀云

離velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimeclose[cloud]cells封閉型細胞狀云

disolay及時顯示cellularpattern細胞狀云cloud

patternrecognitiontechnique圖形鑒另ij技術system云系

trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷達commacloudsystem逗點云系

回波相關追蹤法bandedcloudsystem帶狀云系

thunderstormmonitoring宙暴監測vortexcloudsystem渦旋云系jet

grayscale灰[色標]度streamcloudsystem急流云系

8

satellitederivedwind衛星云跡風albedo反照率

satellitecloudpictureanalysis衛星云圖剖bandmodel帶模式

析imbscanningmethod臨邊掃描法statisticalbandmodel統計帶模式

limoretrieval臨邊反演regularbandmodel規則帶模式

occultationmethod掩星法randomElsasserbandmodel隨機愛爾沙色帶

backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外輻射后向模式

散射法strong-lineapproximation強線近似

linearinversion線性反演waterweak-lineapproximation弱線近似

vaporretrieval水汽反演planetarytemperature行星溫度

humidityretrieval濕度反演limbatmosphericattenuation大氣衰減

brightening臨邊增亮limbatmosphericabsorption大氣汲取

darkening臨邊變暗atmosphericwindow大氣窗

sunglint日照亮斑atmospheric[atmospheric]absorptivity[大氣]汲取

radiation大氣輻射solarradiation率non-scatteringatmosphere無散射大

太陽輻射solarconstant太陽常數氣extinctioncoefficient消光系數

monochromaticradiation單色密射atmosphericradioactivity大氣放射性

atmosphericoptics大氣光學

outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外長波輻atmosphericopticalspectrum大氣光譜

射atmosphericrefraction大氣折射

visiblelight可見光radiationatmosphericopticalmass大氣光學質

balance輻射均衡global量primaryscattering一次散射

radiation總輻射directMiescattering米散射

radiation直接輻射effectivemultiplescattering多次散射

radiation有效輻射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射

scatteredradiation散射輻volumescatteringfunction體散射函數

射diffuseradiation漫射輻forwardscattering前向散射

射skyradiation天空輻射backscattering后向散射

upward[tatal]radiation向上[全]輻射scatteringcross-section散射截面

downward[total]radiation向下[全]輻射backscatteringcross-section后向散時截

incomingradiation入射輻射面one-v/ayattenuation單程衰減

equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空福two-wayattenuation雙程衰減

射率scatteringcoeffici