初升高英語銜接講義：句子種類

高中階段，學生需要更深入地理解和使用復合高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中句子種類考點聚焦】一、英語句子按照其用途可分四種1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkincla4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!二、英語句子按照其結構可分三大類）：AllroadsleadtoRoHegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.(2).并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,asHeisabasketballfan,Don’tbelate,forthereHurryup,oryou’llbeHeworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazy）：ChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.Thefilmhadbeenonwhen【高中句子種類考點聚焦】—Q課標解讀英語句子按照使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句四大類；按照句子結構（分句數量）陳述句細分肯定句與否定句；疑問句包含一般疑問、特殊疑問、選擇疑問、反義疑問句；祈使句側重肯定結構與否定結構；感嘆句聚焦what/how兩種核心句式。并列句依托and/but/or/so等并列連詞銜接分總的來說，高中英語對句子種類不再局限于基礎句式識別，側重在完形、語法填空、短文改錯、書面表達中辨析句式類型、精準選用連詞與句式結構，要求學生依托句式特征讀懂長難句、規范寫作造句。—Q考點清單英語句子按照其結構分為簡單句、并列句和復合句1）SVP（主＋系＋表）2）SV（主＋謂）3）SVO（主＋謂＋賓）4）SVoO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）5）SVOC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）TheweatherisgettingwindyanThetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.a.Helookedunhappyattd.Iwassopleasedtfail,succeed,happen,getup，takeplace,等。其后沒有賓語。因為此句型中的動詞表達的意思已經很明確，所以不需要跟賓語。有時為了表示動作發生的頻率、程度、原因、結果、目的、場所、時間等，可以帶狀Poemsdon'ttranslateeaMyrecentbooksellsverya.Itseconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyinthepasttb.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.c.Thismorningwemetattheschoolgateandwentdiscover,waste,trust,dowith,lookforwardto,lookafter等，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整、準確。賓語可以由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當,如動詞的-ing形式、動詞不IlookforwardtohearYoucanputthedishesinthekita.Intheafternoon,I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomepb.I’mlookingforwardtomeetc.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcompud.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningto(指物)。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。能跟雙賓語的動詞常見的有：give,offer,lend,ThedriversavedusalotoftroublTheyhaveofferedus＄60,000forthItoldhimthatthebuswaa.MrWangtaughtusEnglishlab.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.c.Theyofferedhimajob,butheturneditdown.d.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhi能完整。賓語補足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態。作賓語補足語的主要是名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式和分詞,副詞和介詞短語等也可以用作賓語補足語。邏輯上的主謂關系乃是本句型的特點,它不同于第四基本句型中的"間接賓語2)Thenewsmadehimun4)Ihadthebikerepai5)Ifeelitverypleasantto6)therebe句型表示人或事物"存在"aren’tthere?在本句型中,還可將謂語動詞be換成某些表示"來往,存在,發生"之類的不及物b.Therewillbeasportsmeetnextweec.Therestandsabigtreeinfrontofte.Thereusedtobeashoponthecora.Isawthekids/childrenplayingbytheriverattb.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.c.Ihadmywalletstolenonabusyesterdayad.InoticedKatereadinginthelibraryallte.Fatherasked/gotmetobringhimsomenef.Shemadeitherbusinesstofindo綜合練習：指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholiday②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblem⑤IcanhearbirdssingingTheseflowersarewhiteIfoundabucket,putItookoffmycoat,searchedallmypockets,butcouldn'tfindmykey.（1）表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,e.g.Theteacher’snameisSe.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstde.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soe練習:指出下列劃線詞屬于哪一類并列關系a.Neitherishemistaken,b.Notonlydidthestudentsdance,but(also)theirtec.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.d.Heworkedhard,yethee.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitg.Startoutrightaway,or/otherwisi.Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.3.復合句：復合句又稱主從復合句，由一個主句和一用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨立成為一一起。從句按其在復合句中的作用,分為名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）、定定語從句——在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句例：1）Howthebooksellsdependso2）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhecanarriveontime.（賓語從句）3）That'sbecausehedidn't4）Thequestionwhoshouldcomewithmehasnotbeen6）BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhave一．分析句子:閱讀短文，判斷加粗句子所屬基本句型ArBbooksduringhissparetime.TabigbooksaleinthelibrarynextFriday.Lotsofreaderslookforwa.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞InternationalNursesDayisanannualcelebrationofthevitalworkandroleofnursesaroundtheworld.Theevent,whichwasfirstmarkedin1965,1(recognize)oftheWorldHealthOrganization.ChiefnursingofficerforEnglandRuthMayhasjoinedotherleadersMsMaysaidoftheevent,“InternationalDayoftheNurseis6(particular)specialthisyearnotjustbecausewemarkthe200thanniversaryofFlorenceNightingale’sbirthday,7becauseoftheextraordinaryworkallthosewhohavefolloShecontinued“IwanttothathebattleagainstthegreatesthealthemergencyinNHShistory.Theirprofessionandrebuildcountlesslives.Iknowhowmuchthepublic’ssuppnursesthisTuesday.”Whetheryoushopforfoowhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(標簽).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大膽的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahigh-sugarsodaorbreakfastcChile,Mexico,BrazilanddozensuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnuFinally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofover-processedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsum25percent.InUruguayfnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticwarnings,and18percentdecidednoIntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakefoodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguilabelingandadvertisingla資)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined.Tobeclear,thisisjustoneofmanystepstowardprovidingallAmericanswithahealthydiet.Butknowablefront-of-packagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠桿)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyelsewhere.ItcanworkhA．Thelackofnutrition.A．Theconsumptionofover-processedfoodshB．PeopleinthetwocountriesD．Warninglabelscaneffectively高中階段，學生需要更深入地理解和使用復合高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中句子種類考點聚焦】一、英語句子按照其用途可分四種1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkincla4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!二、英語句子按照其結構可分三大類）：AllroadsleadtoRoHegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.(2).并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,asHeisabasketballfan,Don’tbelate,forthereHurryup,oryou’llbeHeworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazy）：ChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.Thefilmhadbeenonwhen【高中句子種類考點聚焦】—Q課標解讀英語句子按照使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句四大類；按照句子結構（分句數量）陳述句細分肯定句與否定句；疑問句包含一般疑問、特殊疑問、選擇疑問、反義疑問句；祈使句側重肯定結構與否定結構；感嘆句聚焦what/how兩種核心句式。并列句依托and/but/or/so等并列連詞銜接分總的來說，高中英語對句子種類不再局限于基礎句式識別，側重在完形、語法填空、短文改錯、書面表達中辨析句式類型、精準選用連詞與句式結構，要求學生依托句式特征讀懂長難句、規范寫作造句。—Q考點清單英語句子按照其結構分為簡單句、并列句和復合句1）SVP（主＋系＋表）2）SV（主＋謂）3）SVO（主＋謂＋賓）4）SVoO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）5）SVOC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）TheweatherisgettingwindyanThetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.a.Helookedunhappyattd.Iwassopleasedtfail,succeed,happen,getup，takeplace,等。其后沒有賓語。因為此句型中的動詞表達的意思已經很明確，所以不需要跟賓語。有時為了表示動作發生的頻率、程度、原因、結果、目的、場所、時間等，可以帶狀Poemsdon'ttranslateeaMyrecentbooksellsverya.Itseconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyinthepasttb.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.c.Thismorningwemetattheschoolgateandwentdiscover,waste,trust,dowith,lookforwardto,lookafter等，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整、準確。賓語可以由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當,如動詞的-ing形式、動詞不IlookforwardtohearYoucanputthedishesinthekita.Intheafternoon,I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomepb.I’mlookingforwardtomeetc.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcompud.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningto(指物)。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。能跟雙賓語的動詞常見的有：give,offer,lend,ThedriversavedusalotoftroublTheyhaveofferedus＄60,000forthItoldhimthatthebuswaa.MrWangtaughtusEnglishlab.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.c.Theyofferedhimajob,butheturneditdown.d.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhi能完整。賓語補足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態。作賓語補足語的主要是名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式和分詞,副詞和介詞短語等也可以用作賓語補足語。邏輯上的主謂關系乃是本句型的特點,它不同于第四基本句型中的"間接賓語2)Thenewsmadehimun4)Ihadthebikerepai5)Ifeelitverypleasantto6)therebe句型表示人或事物"存在"aren’tthere?在本句型中,還可將謂語動詞be換成某些表示"來往,存在,發生"之類的不及物b.Therewillbeasportsmeetnextweec.Therestandsabigtreeinfrontofte.Thereusedtobeashoponthecora.Isawthekids/childrenplayingbytheriverattb.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.c.Ihadmywalletstolenonabusyesterdayad.InoticedKatereadinginthelibraryallte.Fatherasked/gotmetobringhimsomenef.Shemadeitherbusinesstofindo綜合練習：指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholiday②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblem⑤IcanhearbirdssingingTheseflowersarewhiteIfoundabucket,putItookoffmycoat,searchedallmypockets,butcouldn'tfindmykey.（1）表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,e.g.Theteacher’snameisSe.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstde.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soe練習:指出下列劃線詞屬于哪一類并列關系a.Neitherishemistaken,b.Notonlydidthestudentsdance,but(also)theirtec.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.d.Heworkedhard,yethee.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitg.Startoutrightaway,or/otherwisi.Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.3.復合句：復合句又稱主從復合句，由一個主句和一用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨立成為一一起。從句按其在復合句中的作用,分為名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）、定定語從句（高一學）——在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從例：1）Howthebooksellsdependso2）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhecanarriveontime.（賓語從句）3）That'sbecausehedidn't4）Thequestionwhoshouldcomewithmehasnotbeen6）BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhave一．分析句子:閱讀短文，判斷加粗句子所屬基本句型ABbooksduringhissparetime.TabigbooksaleinthelibrarynextFriday.Lotsofreaderslookforwardtot【答案】Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.【答案】OurEnglishteacherspeakstooquickly.【詳解】考查動詞時態。表示“我們的英語老師”應用ourEnglishteacher，作主語；表示“說話”應用speak作應用tooquickly，作狀語。故翻譯成：OurEnglishteacherspeakst______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.【詳解】考查時態、固定短語、句子結構。表示“巨大的變化”用greatchanges，作主語，句首單詞，首字母大寫；表示“發生”用takeplaceplace；表示“在我的家鄉”用inmyhometown，作地點狀語；表示“過去十年里間狀語，句子為“主語+謂語+狀語”結構。故翻譯為Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.【答案】AgroupofexchangestudentsfromtheUKaregoingtovisitourschoolnex【詳解】考查句子結構。該句要求使用SVOA句型，句首表示“一群來exchangestudentsfromtheUK，作主語（S表示“要來參觀”是將來要發生的事情，用aregoin謂語（V表示“我們學校”為ourschool作賓語（O表示“下個月”為nextmonth作時間狀語（A符合主謂賓狀句型要求。故翻譯為AgroupofexchangestudentsfromtheUKaregoingtov__________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Westudentsshouldoftencommunicateourideaswithourp我們的父母交流想法”可以翻譯為communicateouri語）結構。故翻譯為Westudentsshouldoftenexchangeid閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞InternationalNursesDayisanannualcelebrationofthevitalworkandroleofnursesaroundtheworld.Theevent,whichwasfirstmarkedin1965,1(recognize)oftheWorldHealthOrganization.ChiefnursingofficerforEnglandRuthMayhasjoinedotherleadersMsMaysaidoftheevent,“InternationalDayoftheNurseis6(particular)specialthisyearnotjustbecausewemarkthe200thanniversaryofFlorenceNightingale’sbirthday,7becauseoftheextraordinaryworkallthosewhohavefolloShecontinued“IwanttothathebattleagainstthegreatesthealthemergencyinNHShistory.Theirprofessionandrebuildcountlesslives.Iknowhowmuchthepublic’ssuppnursesthisTuesday.”【答案】【詳解】1．考查時態語態和主謂一致。句意：這件事是由國際護士理事會創辦的，于1965年首次被慶祝。6．考查副詞。句意：梅女士談到這次活動時說道，國際護士節今年尤其特殊，不僅因為它是FlorenceNightingale的200周年紀念日，而且因為那些追隨她腳步的人在抗擊新型冠狀肺炎方面所做的工作。空處7．考查固定搭配。句意同上。not…but…是固定搭配，意為“不是……而是……”，在本句中連接兩Nightingale的200周年紀念日，而且因為那些追隨她腳步的人在抗擊新型冠狀病毒方面所做的工作。根據“againstthenovelcoronavirus”可知，此處特指“抗擊新型冠狀病毒”的斗爭，所以fight前應使用定冠詞the，也可使用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞fight。9．考查形容詞。句意：她接著說道：“我要感謝我們每一位出色的護士，正是她們在抗擊英國國家醫療服Whetheryoushopforfoowhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(標簽).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大膽的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahigh-sugarsodaorbreakfastcChile,Mexico,BrazilanddozensuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnuFinally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofover-processedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsum25percent.InUruguayfnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticwarnings,and18percentdecidednoIntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakefoodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguilabelingandadvertisingla資)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealth