2026暑假英語-初高常考派生詞匯-總

2026暑假英語---初高常考派生詞匯總一、后綴法｜核心詞性變形（名詞/形容詞/動詞）（一）動詞/形容詞變名詞（高頻必考）1.-ence/-ance結(jié)尾名詞（狀態(tài)、行為）exist存在→existence；occur發(fā)生→occurrence；refer參考→reference；prefer偏好→preference；differ不同→difference；accept接受→acceptance；appear出現(xiàn)→appearance；perform履行→performance；resist抵制→resistance；guide指導(dǎo)→guidance；enter進入→entrance；insure保險→insurance；assist幫助→assistance；endure忍受→endurance2.-tion/-sion結(jié)尾名詞（最通用、最高頻）produce生產(chǎn)→production；introduce介紹→introduction；consume消費→consumption；reduce減少→reduction；assume假設(shè)→assumption；destroy毀滅→destruction；describe描寫→description；interrupt打斷→interruption；adopt采納→adoption；prevent防止→prevention；solve解決→solution；evolve進化→evolution；suggest建議→suggestion；protect保護→protection；direct指導(dǎo)→direction；educate教育→education；communicate交流→communication；apply申請→application；impress印象→impression；express表達→expression；discuss討論→discussion；conclude結(jié)論→conclusion；decide決定→decision；confuse迷惑→confusion3.-ment結(jié)尾名詞（行為、結(jié)果、狀態(tài)）agree同意→agreement；develop發(fā)展→development；arrange安排→arrangement；assess評估→assessment；disappoint失望→disappointment；employ雇用→employment；encourage鼓舞→encouragement；improve改進→improvement；invest投資→investment；require要求→requirement；retire退休→retirement；treat對待/治療→treatment；achieve成就→achievement4.-ness結(jié)尾名詞（形容詞變名詞，表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)）aware有意識的→awareness；bitter苦的→bitterness；calm冷靜的→calmness；fair公平的→fairness；happy幸福的→happiness；ill生病的→illness；kind友好的→kindness；lazy懶惰的→laziness；sad悲傷的→sadness；serious嚴重的→seriousness；cold冷淡的→coldness；nervous惶恐的→nervousness；careless粗心的→carelessness；selfish自私的→selfishness；helpless無助的→helplessness5.小眾高頻名詞后綴-age（狀態(tài)、物品）：marry婚姻→marriage；short短缺→shortage；store儲存→storage；pass通道→passage-th（抽象狀態(tài)）：warm溫暖→warmth；true真理→truth；dead死亡→death；grow成長→growth-ure（行為、結(jié)果）：please愉悅→pleasure；press壓力→pressure；fail失敗→failure；expose暴露→exposure-ce（形容詞/動詞變名詞）：absent缺席→absence；present出席→presence；confident自信→confidence；convenient方便→convenience；patient耐心→patience；violent暴力→violence；advise建議→advice；defend防御→defence-dom/-hood/-ship（抽象名詞）：free自由→freedom；wise智慧→wisdom；child孩童→childhood；friend朋友→friendship；leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→leadership；relate關(guān)系→relationship-ing（動作、事物、場景）：mean意思→meaning；train訓(xùn)練→training；feel感覺→feeling；save儲蓄→savings；surround環(huán)境→surroundings（二）名詞/動詞變形容詞1.-y結(jié)尾（表“多…的、有…的”）sun太陽→sunny晴朗的；rain雨→rainy多雨的；snow雪→snowy下雪的；wind風(fēng)→windy有風(fēng)的；health健康→healthy健康的；taste味道→tasty美味的；stick黏住→sticky黏的；scare害怕→scary嚇人的2.-al/-ial結(jié)尾（屬性、專業(yè)類形容詞）globe全球→global；culture文化→cultural；nature自然→natural；nation國家→national；person個人→personal；education教育→educational；psychology心理→psychological；finance金融→financial；commerce商業(yè)→commercial；benefit益處→beneficial；influence影響→influential3.-ful/-less（成對出現(xiàn)：有…的/無…的）thank感謝→thankful感激的；success成功→successful成功的；beauty美麗→beautiful美麗的；care小心→careful細心的/careless粗心的；use用處→useful有用的/useless無用的；hope希望→hopeful有希望的/hopeless無望的；help幫助→helpful樂于助人的/helpless無助的；harm傷害→harmful有害的/harmless無害的；meaning意義→meaningful有意義的/meaningless無意義的4.-(i)ous結(jié)尾（表特質(zhì)、狀態(tài)）danger危險→dangerous危險的；poison毒藥→poisonous有毒的；mountain山→mountainous多山的；adventure冒險→adventurous冒險的；ambition抱負→ambitious有志向的；mystery神秘→mysterious神秘的5.-able/-(s)ible（可…的、適于…的）predict預(yù)測→predictable可預(yù)見的；avoid避免→avoidable可避免的；forget忘記→forgettable可遺忘的；comfort舒適→comfortable舒適的；rely依靠→reliable可靠的；reason合理→reasonable合理的；adapt適應(yīng)→adaptable適應(yīng)性強的；visible可見的；accessible可接近的6.其他高頻形容詞后綴-tive：attract吸引→attractive迷人的；create創(chuàng)造→creative有創(chuàng)造力的；protect保護→protective防護的-tic/-fic：science科學(xué)→scientific科學(xué)的；drama戲劇→dramatic戲劇性的；energy精力→energetic精力充沛的-en：gold金子→golden金色的；wood木頭→wooden木制的-ly（特殊形容詞，非副詞）：friend友好→friendly；dead致命→deadly；cost昂貴→costly昂貴的（三）形容詞/名詞變動詞1.-fy（使…、變得…）pure純凈→purify凈化；simple簡單→simplify簡化；beautiful美麗→beautify美化；class分類→classify分類；terrible恐懼→terrify使恐懼2.-ize（使…化）real真實的→realize實現(xiàn)；modern現(xiàn)代的→modernize現(xiàn)代化；popular流行的→popularize普及；global全球的→globalize全球化；special專門的→specialize專攻；memory記憶→memorize記憶3.-en（變…、使…，正反義都有）dark黑暗→darken變暗；quick快→quicken加快；sharp鋒利→sharpen削尖；weak虛弱→weaken削弱；tight緊→tighten收緊；bad壞→worsen惡化；deep深度→deepen加深；long長度→lengthen加長；strong力量→strengthen加強4.特殊-e結(jié)尾形變動（發(fā)音變化）bath洗澡（名）→bathe洗澡（動）；breath呼吸（名）→breathe呼吸（動）；cloth衣物（名）→clothe穿衣（動）二、前綴法｜改變詞義，不變詞性1.over-超過、過度、反轉(zhuǎn)overhear無意中聽到；overtake超過；oversleep睡過頭；overcome克服；overlook忽略、俯視；overthrow推翻2.re-重新、再次、恢復(fù)recover康復(fù)、找回；remove移除；renew續(xù)簽、更新；recycle回收；replace替代；review復(fù)習(xí)、回顧；reform改革3.pre-/fore-提前、預(yù)先predict預(yù)告；prewar戰(zhàn)前；preschool幼兒園；foretell預(yù)言；forecast預(yù)報；foresee預(yù)知4.ex-前任的；post-之后的ex-president前總統(tǒng)；ex-wife前妻；postwar戰(zhàn)后的；postgraduate研究生5.場景類高頻前綴multi-多：multimedia多媒體；multicultural多元文化；multiple多項的tele-遠程：telephone電話；television電視；telescope望遠鏡inter-相互、之間：international國際的；interview面試；interact相互作用micro-微小：microphone麥克風(fēng)；microwave微波；microscope顯微鏡sub-次級、下方：subway地鐵；suburb郊區(qū)；subconscious潛意識；subtropical亞熱帶trans-跨越、轉(zhuǎn)換：transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；transform轉(zhuǎn)變；transmit傳播；translate翻譯semi-半：semifinal半決賽；semiskilled半熟練的tri-三：triangle三角形；tricycle三輪車三、否定詞綴｜快速識別“反向、負面”詞義1.in-/im-/il-/ir-不、無、非（正式否定）inactive不活躍的；inexpensive不貴的；incomplete不完整的；inconvenient不方便的；impossible不可能的；impolite不禮貌的；illegal非法的；illogical不合邏輯的；irregular不規(guī)則的；irresponsible不負責(zé)任的2.un-不、解除、相反（最通用）unusual不尋常的；unfair不公平的；unaware未知的；uncertain不確定的；unpleasant不愉快的；unnecessary不必要的；unlock開鎖；unfold展開；uncover揭露；undo解開3.dis-否定、相反、分離disappear消失；disagree不同意；disapprove不認可；disobey不服從；dishonest不誠實的；disorder紊亂；disadvantage劣勢4.mis-錯誤、不當(dāng)misunderstand誤解；mislead誤導(dǎo)；misspell拼錯；misuse濫用；mistrust不信任5.小眾否定/特殊后綴anti-反、抗：antisocial反社會的；antifreeze防凍的；anti-aircraft防空的de-去除、降級、減少：decrease減少；devalue貶值；degrade降級；deforest毀林non-非、無（中性否定）：nonprofit非營利的；nonstop直達的；nonse