英語四級試題2022年

英語四級試題2022年

CollegeEnglishTestBand4(2022)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingaReadingHabit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlytransformedhowweaccessinformation.Whiletheinternetoffers1)______convenience,ithasalsoledtoanoticeabledeclineindeep,focusedreading.Manypeoplenow2)______toskimmingshortarticlesorsocialmediapostsratherthanengagingwithlonger,morecomplextexts.Thisshiftposesasignificant3)______toourcognitiveabilities,suchascriticalthinkingandsustainedattention.Developingaconsistentreadinghabit,particularlyofprintedbooks,can4)______thistrend.Studiesshowthatdeepreadingstrengthensneuralpathways5)______withcomprehensionandanalysis.Itallowsreaderstoimmersethemselvesinnarrativesorarguments,fosteringempathyandadeeperunderstandingofcomplexissues.Unlikethe6)______stimuliofonlinecontent,readingabookdemandspatienceandconcentration,trainingthebraintofocus.Tocultivatethishabit,individualscanstartbysetting7)______goals,likereadingfor20minutesbeforebed.Creatingacomfortable,distraction-freeenvironmentisalso8)______.Publiclibrariesandbookclubsoffervaluableresourcesandasenseofcommunityfor9)______readers.Ultimately,inanageofinformationoverload,theabilitytoreaddeeplyisnotjustaleisureactivity;itisanessentialskillfor10)______thecomplexitiesofthemodernworld.A)associatedB)challengeC)crucialD)counteractE)effortlessF)habitualG)immenseH)navigateI)preferJ)realisticK)reservedL)superficialM)threatN)universalO)voluntarySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheHiddenBenefitsofBoredom[A]Intoday'shyper-connectedworld,boredomseemslikeanenemytobeavoidedatallcosts.Themomentwefeelahintofit,wereachforoursmartphones,seekingstimulationfromsocialmedia,games,orvideos.However,agrowingbodyofpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatboredomisnotmerelyanunpleasantstatetobeescaped;itcanbeacatalystforcreativityandself-reflection.[B]Boredom,definedastheaversiveexperienceofwanting,butbeingunable,toengageinsatisfyingactivity,triggersasearchfornewgoalsorstimuli.Thissearchcanleadindividualstoexplorenovelideasoractivitiestheymightotherwiseignore.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoengagedinaboringtask(likecopyingnumbersfromaphonebook)laterproducedmorecreativeideasinbrainstormingsessionsthanthosewhodidamoreinterestingtaskfirst.[C]Theconstantavoidanceofboredomthroughdigitaldistractionsmayhinderthedevelopmentofcruciallifeskills.Whenchildrenarealwaysprovidedwithexternalentertainment,theyhavefeweropportunitiestolearnhowtomanagetheirowntime,entertainthemselves,orsitwiththeirownthoughts.Thiscanimpacttheirabilitytodevelopintrinsicmotivationandcopewithmomentsoffrustrationinlaterlife.[D]Neuroscientistssuggestthatduringperiodsoflowexternalstimulation,thebrainentersadefaultmodenetwork(DMN).Thisnetworkisactivewhenwearenotfocusedontheoutsideworldandiscrucialforconsolidatingmemories,imaginingthefuture,andunderstandingothers'perspectives.Inessence,boredomallowsthebraintoprocessexperiencesandmakemeaningfulconnections.[E]Embracingboredomdoesnotmeanseekingoutmonotony.Rather,itinvolvesallowingoneselfmomentsofunstructuredtimewithoutimmediatelyfillingthemwithdigitalinput.Thiscouldbeduringadailycommute(withoutheadphones),waitinginline,orsimplysittingquietlyforafewminutes.[F]These"empty"momentscanbecomefertilegroundfordaydreaming.Daydreaming,oftendismissedasunproductive,isnowrecognizedasacomplexbrainstatethatsupportscreativeincubationandproblem-solving.Manyinventorsandartistshaveattributedtheirbreakthroughideastomomentsofmentalwandering.[G]Furthermore,boredomcanserveasanemotionalsignal.Itcanindicatethatourcurrentactivitiesarenotsufficientlyengagingormeaningful,promptingustore-evaluateourgoalsandpassions.Inthissense,boredomactsasaninternalcompass,guidingustowardmorefulfillingpursuits.[H]Inpracticalterms,individualscan"schedule"boredombydeliberatelysettingasidetimeforactivitiesthatarelowinstimulation,suchaswalkinginnaturewithoutaphone,practicingmindfulness,orengaginginrepetitivetaskslikeknitting.Thekeyistoresisttheurgetoimmediatelyalleviatethefeelingofboredomandinsteadobservewherethemindgoes.[I]Ofcourse,chronicandsevereboredomcanbelinkedtodepressionorotherissuesandshouldbeaddressed.Thebeneficialboredomdiscussedhereisthecommon,transientkindthatarisesineverydaylife.Thegoalisnottoglorifyboredombuttochangeourperceptionofitfromanegativewasteoftimetoapotentialsourceofmentalspaceandcreativity.[J]Byreassessingourrelationshipwithboredom,wemightreclaimavaluablecognitiveresource.Inaculturethatprizesconstantproductivityandengagement,allowingourselvestobeboredoccasionallycouldbeasimpleyetpowerfulwaytoenhanceourmentalwell-beingandinnovativepotential.11.Boredomcanmotivatepeopletofindnewandmeaningfulgoals.12.Thebrain'sdefaultmodenetworkbecomesactivewhenwearenotconcentratingonexternaltasks.13.Constantdigitalentertainmentmaypreventchildrenfromlearningtohandlefrustration.14.Someofthegreatestcreativeideasinhistoryemergedfromperiodsofdaydreaming.15.Severeandpersistentboredommightbeasignofpsychologicalproblems.16.Peopletendtousedigitaldevicestoavoidfeelingboredintoday'ssociety.17.Boredomcanbepurposefullycreatedbyplanninglow-stimulationactivities.18.Psychologicalresearchindicatesboredomcanpromotecreativethinking.19.Thefeelingofboredommighttellusthatourpresentworklacksmeaning.20.Theexperienceofboredomisdescribedaswantingbutfailingtofindasatisfyingactivity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofurbanplanning,theconceptofthe"15-minutecity"hasgainedsignificanttraction.Theidea,popularizedbyProfessorCarlosMoreno,issimple:residentsshouldbeabletomeetmostoftheirdailyneedswithina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromtheirhomes.Theseneedsincludework,housing,food,education,healthcare,andleisure.Thegoalistoreducecardependency,lowercarbonemissions,andbuildstronger,moreconnectedcommunities.Proponentsarguethatsuchneighborhoodsincreasequalityoflifebysavingtimeoncommutes,whichcanberedirectedtowardsfamily,hobbies,orrest.Theyalsopromotephysicalactivityandspontaneoussocialinteractions,aspeoplearemorelikelytowalkandencounterneighbors.Fromanenvironmentalstandpoint,compacturbandesignsignificantlycutstrafficcongestionandpollution.However,criticsraiseconcernsaboutpracticalityandequity.Theyquestionwhetherthismodelcanbeeffectivelyimplementedinexistingsprawlingsuburbsorfinanciallystrugglingcitycenters,whereessentialservicesmayalreadybescarce.Therearealsofearsthatmakingneighborhoodshighlyself-sufficientcouldinadvertentlyincreasesocioeconomicsegregation,asaffluentareasmightattractmoreinvestmentinamenities,whilepoorerareasfallfurtherbehind.Despitethechallenges,manycitiesworldwide,fromParistoPortland,areexperimentingwithelementsofthe15-minutecity.Strategiesincludecreatingpedestrian-onlyzones,expandingbikelanes,incentivizingmixed-usedevelopment(combiningresidentialandcommercialspaces),anddecentralizingpublicservices.TheCOVID-19pandemic,whichhighlightedthevalueoflocalaccesstoparksandservices,hasaddedurgencytotheseinitiatives.The15-minutecityisnotaone-size-fits-allblueprintbutaflexibleprinciple.Itscorepromiseistomakeurbanlivingmoresustainable,healthy,andhumanebyprioritizingpeopleovervehicles.Itsultimatesuccesswilldependoninclusiveplanningthatensuresbenefitsaresharedequitablyacrossallcommunities.21.Whatistheprimaryobjectiveofthe"15-minutecity"concept?A)Toexpandurbanareasintosuburbs.B)Tomeetdailyneedswithinashortwalkorbikeride.C)Toincreasetheuseofprivatevehicles.D)Toseparateresidentialandcommercialzones.22.Accordingtoproponents,whichisNOTapotentialbenefitofthe15-minutecity?A)Reducedcommutingtime.B)Enhancedsocialinteractions.C)Lowercarbonemissions.D)Increasedcarsales.23.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsoftheconcept?A)Itmayleadtoadecreaseinphysicalactivity.B)Itcouldworseninequalitybetweendifferentareas.C)Itwilldefinitelyreducetrafficcongestion.D)Itistooexpensiveforanycitytoimplement.24.HowdidtheCOVID-19pandemicinfluencethe15-minutecityidea?A)Itprovedtheconceptwasimpractical.B)Itreducedtheneedforlocalservices.C)Itemphasizedtheimportanceoflocalaccess.D)Ithaltedallrelatedurbanplanningprojects.25.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestiscrucialforthesuccessofthe15-minutecity?A)Strictlyfollowingafixeddesignblueprint.B)Prioritizingvehicletrafficflow.C)Ensuringequitablebenefitsforallresidents.D)Focusingonlyoncitycenters.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fordecades,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligence(SETI)hasfocusedonlisteningforradiosignalsorlookingforlaserpulses—deliberateattemptsbyaliencivilizationstocommunicate.However,anewapproachisgainingground:thesearchforalien"technosignatures."Thesearedetectablesignsoftechnologythatmaynotbeintendedasmessagesbutarebyproductsofadvancedactivity.Technosignaturescastamuchwidernet.Theycouldincludeevidenceofmassiveengineeringprojects,suchasDysonspheres(hypotheticalstructuresenclosingastartocaptureitsenergy),atmosphericpollutionondistantexoplanets,citylightsonthenightsideofaworld,orevenheatsignaturesfromindustrialprocesses.Thekeydifferenceisthatscientistsarenolongerjustlisteningfora"hello";theyarelookingforthe"footprint"ofanadvancedsociety,whetherit'sstillactiveorlonggone.Thisshiftisdrivenbyadvancesinastronomy.Powerfulnewtelescopes,liketheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,cananalyzetheatmospheresofexoplanetsinunprecedenteddetail,searchingforchemicalimbalancesthatmightsuggestindustrialactivity.Surveysthatmapvastareasoftheskycanlookforunusualpatternsoflightorheatthatdefynaturalexplanation.Proponentsarguethisapproachismorerealistic.Acivilizationsufficientlyadvancedtobuildmegastructuresmightnotuseprimitiveradioforlong,ortheymightnotbeinterestedincontactingus.Theirtechnologicalartifacts,however,couldbevisibleacrossinterstellardistances.Criticscautionthatidentifyingatruetechnosignatureisextraordinarilydifficult,asitrequiresrulingoutallpossiblenaturalastrophysicalphenomena—ahighbarforevidence.Despitethechallenges,thesearchfortechnosignaturesrepresentsanexcitingexpansionofSETI.Itacknowledgesthatalientechnologymightlooknothinglikeourownandthatwemightdiscoveritsremnantsratherthanalivingcivilization.Itturnsthesearchintoabroaderarchaeologicaldigofthecosmos,seekingcluesnotindeliberatemessages,butintheunintendedtracesleftbehindbyintelligence.26.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweentraditionalSETIandthenewapproach?A)TraditionalSETIusestelescopeswhilethenewapproachusesradio.B)TraditionalSETIlooksforbyproducts,whilethenewapproachlistensformessages.C)TraditionalSETIlistensformessages,whilethenewapproachlooksforbyproducts.D)TraditionalSETIismorerealisticthanthenewapproach.27.Whichofthefollowingisgivenasanexampleofapotentialtechnosignature?A)Anaturalradiosignalfromapulsar.B)Atmosphericpollutiononanexoplanet.C)AdeliberatelaserbeamaimedatEarth.D)Thesoundofsolarwinds.28.Whathasenabledthesearchfortechnosignaturesaccordingtothepassage?A)Theinventionoftheradio.B)Increasedinterestfromaliencivilizations.C)Improvementsinastronomicaltechnology.D)ThediscoveryofDysonspheres.29.Whydosomescientistsbelievesearchingfortechnosignaturesismorerealistic?A)Alladvancedcivilizationswanttocontactus.B)Radiotechnologyisusedforeverbyallcivilizations.C)Advancedcivilizationsmightnotsenddeliberatesignals.D)Technosignaturesareeasiertoidentifythanradiosignals.30.Howdoestheauthordescribethesearchfortechnosignaturesintheconclusion?A)Asafutileeffortwithlittlepromise.B)Asanarrowerfocusthanbefore.C)Asakindofcosmicarchaeology.D)Asareplacementforallotherastronomy.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中國書法（calligraphy）是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)，是中華文化的瑰寶。它不僅是書寫文字的工具，更是一種表達(dá)情感和審美觀念的方式。書法家通過控制毛筆的力度和速度，創(chuàng)造出千變?nèi)f化的線條和形態(tài)。練習(xí)書法需要耐心和專注，有助于修身養(yǎng)性。如今，書法依然深受人們喜愛，它不僅被視為一種高雅的藝術(shù)形式，也是連接過去與現(xiàn)在的文化紐帶。---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(Sampleforreference)Developingareadinghabitisofparamountimportanceintoday'sfast-pacedworld.Firstly,itservesasafundamentalwaytoacquireknowledgeandbroadenourhorizons.Throughbooks,wecantraveltodifferentplaces,experiencediversecultures,andunderstandcomplexideaswithoutleavingourchairs.Secondly,consistentreadingenhancescognitiveabilities.Itimprovesvocabulary,strengthensconcentration,andfosterscriticalthinkingskillsasweanalyzeplotsandarguments.Moreover,readingprovidesahealthy